(a)(i) Give the reason why copper turnings dissolve in AgNO\(_3\) solution but remain insoluble in Pb(NO\(_3\) )\(_2\) solution.
(ii) Copper turnings of mass 1.06g were placed in 250 cm\(^3\) of 0.20 mol dm\(^{-3}\) AgNO\(_3\). Calculate the amourt of silver ions present. [Cu = 63.5]
(iii) Determine whether all the copper in (a)(ii) above will discolvo in the solution. The equation for the reaction is CU\(_{(S)}\) + 2Ag\(^+_{(aq)}\) --> Ag\(_{(aq)}\) + Cu\(^{2+}_{(aq)}\)
(b)(i) List cheicil properties of acids
(ii) Give two large scale uses of HNO\(_3\)
(iii) Write an equation for the action of heat on each of the following compounds: I. Pb(NO\(_3\))\(_2\)
Il. AgNO\(_3\).
(c)(i) State what would be observed if a piece of damp blue litmus paper is dropped into a glass jar of chlorine.
(ii) Name the type of reaction which occurs in (c)(i) above.
(iii) Give the property of chlorine which is exhibited in the reaction in (c)(i) above.
(i) Name two products obtained directly from the destructive distillation of coal.
(ii) Give one use of each product named in (d)(i) above.
(a)(i) Copper is more reactive than (above) silver in the activity series, so it displaces silver from AgNO3 solution (\(Cu + 2AgNO_3 \rightarrow Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2Ag\)). Copper is less reactive than (below) lead, so it cannot displace lead from Pb(NO3)2 solution and stays insoluble.
(ii) Amount of Ag+ \(= 0.20 \times \dfrac{250}{1000} = 0.050\ \text{mol}\).
(iii) Amount of Cu \(= \dfrac{1.06}{63.5} = 0.0167\ \text{mol}\).
From \(Cu + 2Ag^+ \rightarrow Cu^{2+} + 2Ag\), 0.0167 mol Cu needs \(2 \times 0.0167 = 0.0334\ \text{mol}\) Ag+.
Only 0.050 mol Ag+ is available, which is more than 0.0334 mol, so Ag+ is in excess and all the copper dissolves.
(b)(i) Chemical properties of acids: turn blue litmus red; react with metals above hydrogen to liberate hydrogen; react with bases (neutralization) to form salt and water; react with trioxocarbonates(IV) to give carbon(IV) oxide.
(ii) Large-scale uses of HNO3: manufacture of fertilizers (ammonium trioxonitrate(V)); manufacture of explosives (for example TNT).
(iii) Action of heat:
I. \[2Pb(NO_3)_2 \rightarrow 2PbO + 4NO_2 + O_2\]
II. \[2AgNO_3 \rightarrow 2Ag + 2NO_2 + O_2\]
(c)(i) The damp blue litmus paper first turns red and is then bleached white.
(ii) The reaction is oxidation (bleaching).
(iii) The property shown is that chlorine is a bleaching (oxidizing) agent.
(d)(i) Products from destructive distillation of coal: coke and coal tar (also coal gas, ammoniacal liquor).
(ii) Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in the blast furnace; coal tar is used as a source of drugs and dyes (and for surfacing roads).
(a)(i) Copper is more reactive than (above) silver in the activity series, so it displaces silver from AgNO3 solution (\(Cu + 2AgNO_3 \rightarrow Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2Ag\)). Copper is less reactive than (below) lead, so it cannot displace lead from Pb(NO3)2 solution and stays insoluble.
(ii) Amount of Ag+ \(= 0.20 \times \dfrac{250}{1000} = 0.050\ \text{mol}\).
(iii) Amount of Cu \(= \dfrac{1.06}{63.5} = 0.0167\ \text{mol}\).
From \(Cu + 2Ag^+ \rightarrow Cu^{2+} + 2Ag\), 0.0167 mol Cu needs \(2 \times 0.0167 = 0.0334\ \text{mol}\) Ag+.
Only 0.050 mol Ag+ is available, which is more than 0.0334 mol, so Ag+ is in excess and all the copper dissolves.
(b)(i) Chemical properties of acids: turn blue litmus red; react with metals above hydrogen to liberate hydrogen; react with bases (neutralization) to form salt and water; react with trioxocarbonates(IV) to give carbon(IV) oxide.
(ii) Large-scale uses of HNO3: manufacture of fertilizers (ammonium trioxonitrate(V)); manufacture of explosives (for example TNT).
(iii) Action of heat:
I. \[2Pb(NO_3)_2 \rightarrow 2PbO + 4NO_2 + O_2\]
II. \[2AgNO_3 \rightarrow 2Ag + 2NO_2 + O_2\]
(c)(i) The damp blue litmus paper first turns red and is then bleached white.
(ii) The reaction is oxidation (bleaching).
(iii) The property shown is that chlorine is a bleaching (oxidizing) agent.
(d)(i) Products from destructive distillation of coal: coke and coal tar (also coal gas, ammoniacal liquor).
(ii) Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in the blast furnace; coal tar is used as a source of drugs and dyes (and for surfacing roads).
