Civil rights refer to the basic rights and freedoms that are granted to individuals in a society. These rights are typically protected by law and apply to all individuals within the society, regardless of their citizenship or immigration status. However, the extent to which non-citizens are able to enjoy civil rights may vary depending on the country's laws and policies.
In general, citizens of a country are the primary beneficiaries of civil rights. This is because they are recognized as having full membership and legal standing within the society. However, non-citizens, such as aliens or refugees, may also enjoy some civil rights, such as freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and the right to a fair trial. In some cases, non-citizens may be granted additional protections under international law, such as the right to seek asylum or protection from persecution.
Prisoners, on the other hand, may have their civil rights limited or restricted due to their status as convicted criminals. While they still maintain some basic rights, such as protection from cruel and unusual punishment, their freedom of movement and other liberties may be curtailed.
In summary, civil rights are generally enjoyed by all individuals within a society, regardless of their citizenship or immigration status, with the exception of prisoners whose rights may be limited due to their status as criminals.