TEST OF PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE QUESTION Study specimens H, K, L and M and answer questions 2 (a) to 2 (e). (a) Name the location of each of the specimens H, K ...
Study specimens H, K, L and M and answer questions 2 (a) to 2 (e).
(a) Name the location of each of the specimens H, K and M in the body of a mammal.
(b)(i) Name the fluid in specimen L (ii) State two functions of the fluid named in 2 (b) (i). (iii) Which of the other specimens is specimen L associated with?
(c)(i) State two observable differences between specimens H and K. (i) State two observable features of specimen K that adapt it to its function.
State one biological importance each of specimens K and M.
(d) Make a drawing 8 cm -10 cm long, of specimen M and label fully.
(a) Location of specimens H, K and M in the body of a mammal
Specimen H (liver): lies just below the diaphragm, in the upper part of the abdominal cavity (abdomen).
Specimen K (lung): lies in the thoracic cavity (chest/thorax).
Specimen M (kidney): attached to the dorsal (back) wall of the abdominal cavity.
(b)(i) Fluid in specimen L: bile.
(b)(ii) Two functions of the bile:
It emulsifies fats and oils into tiny fat droplets, increasing the surface area for the action of the enzyme lipase.
Its inorganic (alkaline) salts neutralise the acidic chyme leaving the stomach, providing a suitable alkaline medium for the pancreatic and intestinal enzymes to act.
(b)(iii) Specimen L (bile) is associated with specimen H (the liver), which secretes it.
(c)(i) Two observable differences between specimens H and K
Specimen H (liver)
Specimen K (lung)
Solid, firm and turgid in texture
Soft, spongy and fluffy in texture
Dark red / reddish-brown in colour
Brighter pink / red in colour
(c)(ii) Two observable features of specimen K (lung) that adapt it to its function:
A thin, moist surface membrane over which respiratory gases dissolve and diffuse rapidly.
A rich supply of blood capillaries (highly vascularised) that quickly transports the exchanged gases to and from the surface.
(c)(iii) One biological importance each of specimens K and M:
Specimen K (lung): provides the surface for breathing (inspiration and expiration) and gaseous exchange during respiration.
Specimen M (kidney): carries out osmoregulation and the production of urine, excreting metabolic waste and maintaining the body's acid-base (water and salt) balance.
(d) Drawing of specimen M (kidney), 8 cm to 10 cm long, fully labelled
The diagram below is a longitudinal section of the kidney (specimen M), drawn to the required size and labelled fully.
Fully labelled longitudinal section of specimen M (the kidney), drawn 8-10 cm long, showing the renal capsule, cortex, medulla, renal pyramids, renal pelvis, ureter and the renal blood vessels.
(a) Location of specimens H, K and M in the body of a mammal
Specimen H (liver): lies just below the diaphragm, in the upper part of the abdominal cavity (abdomen).
Specimen K (lung): lies in the thoracic cavity (chest/thorax).
Specimen M (kidney): attached to the dorsal (back) wall of the abdominal cavity.
(b)(i) Fluid in specimen L: bile.
(b)(ii) Two functions of the bile:
It emulsifies fats and oils into tiny fat droplets, increasing the surface area for the action of the enzyme lipase.
Its inorganic (alkaline) salts neutralise the acidic chyme leaving the stomach, providing a suitable alkaline medium for the pancreatic and intestinal enzymes to act.
(b)(iii) Specimen L (bile) is associated with specimen H (the liver), which secretes it.
(c)(i) Two observable differences between specimens H and K
Specimen H (liver)
Specimen K (lung)
Solid, firm and turgid in texture
Soft, spongy and fluffy in texture
Dark red / reddish-brown in colour
Brighter pink / red in colour
(c)(ii) Two observable features of specimen K (lung) that adapt it to its function:
A thin, moist surface membrane over which respiratory gases dissolve and diffuse rapidly.
A rich supply of blood capillaries (highly vascularised) that quickly transports the exchanged gases to and from the surface.
(c)(iii) One biological importance each of specimens K and M:
Specimen K (lung): provides the surface for breathing (inspiration and expiration) and gaseous exchange during respiration.
Specimen M (kidney): carries out osmoregulation and the production of urine, excreting metabolic waste and maintaining the body's acid-base (water and salt) balance.
(d) Drawing of specimen M (kidney), 8 cm to 10 cm long, fully labelled
The diagram below is a longitudinal section of the kidney (specimen M), drawn to the required size and labelled fully.
Fully labelled longitudinal section of specimen M (the kidney), drawn 8-10 cm long, showing the renal capsule, cortex, medulla, renal pyramids, renal pelvis, ureter and the renal blood vessels.
