(a) Define Legitimacy. (b) Highlight any four factors that determine legitimacy.

Answer Details

(a) Definition of legitimacy

Legitimacy is the quality of being lawful, rightful and generally accepted. In government, it refers to the general belief and acceptance by the people that those who exercise political power have the right to do so, and that their authority and commands ought to be obeyed. A government is said to be legitimate when it has come to power through accepted and constitutional means and enjoys the support and consent of the governed. Legitimacy therefore turns naked power into rightful authority.

(b) Four factors that determine legitimacy

1. Mode of acquiring power (constitutionality): A government that comes to power through due constitutional process, such as a free and fair election, is regarded as legitimate, whereas one that seizes power unlawfully (for example through a coup) lacks legitimacy.
2. Consent and support of the people: Legitimacy depends on the willing acceptance and support of the majority of the citizens; a government backed by popular consent is legitimate.
3. Adherence to the rule of law and the constitution: A government that governs according to the constitution and the law, respects fundamental rights and rules justly, earns and retains legitimacy.
4. Effective and good performance: A government that maintains law and order, provides security and social amenities and promotes the welfare of the people gains legitimacy through its good performance.
5. Tradition and long usage: Authority sanctioned by long-established custom and tradition (as with traditional rulers) is accepted as legitimate.
6. Charisma and personal qualities of the leader: The exceptional personal appeal, competence and moral standing of a leader can win the acceptance and loyalty of the people.
7. Recognition by other states and international bodies: Acceptance and recognition of a government by other nations and international organisations reinforces its legitimacy.

(Any four of the above are acceptable.)