Identify five functions and powers of the King Makers in the Yoruba pra-colonial political system.

Answer Details

In the Yoruba pre-colonial political system, the king (the Oba, such as the Alaafin of Oyo) was selected and installed by a body of hereditary chiefs known as the King Makers (for example the Oyo Mesi, headed by the Bashorun). Five of their functions and powers were:

1. Selection of a new Oba: The chief function of the King Makers was to choose a new king from among the eligible princes of the ruling houses whenever the throne became vacant. No prince could become Oba without their nomination and approval.
2. Installation of the Oba: They performed the traditional rites and ceremonies of coronation and formally installed the chosen candidate as king, conferring legitimacy on his reign.
3. Advising and checking the Oba: They served as a council of state that advised the Oba on the affairs of the kingdom and acted as a check on his powers, so that he could not rule as an absolute despot.
4. Power to reject or depose the Oba: The King Makers could call an erring or tyrannical Oba to order and, in extreme cases, reject him. In Oyo the Oyo Mesi could require an unpopular Alaafin to commit suicide by presenting him with an empty calabash (or parrot's eggs), thereby removing him from office.
5. Regency during an interregnum: They administered the kingdom and maintained order during the period between the death of one Oba and the installation of the next, ensuring continuity of government.
6. Legislative and judicial roles: As leading chiefs they took part in making important decisions, settling major disputes and performing certain religious and ceremonial duties on behalf of the state.

(Any five of the above are acceptable.)