The functional group present in alkanals is the carbonyl group (C=O).
In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions and properties of a compound.
The carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom with a double bond (C=O). It is often found at the end of the carbon chain in alkanals, which are a type of organic compound derived from alkanes.
The presence of the carbonyl group gives alkanals several important properties and reactivities. For example:
Polarity: The presence of the highly electronegative oxygen atom in the carbonyl group creates a significant dipole moment, making the molecule polar.
Oxidation: The carbonyl group is easily oxidized, leading to the formation of carboxylic acids.
Nucleophilic addition: The carbon atom of the carbonyl group can undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, leading to the formation of new bonds with nucleophiles.
In summary, the presence of the carbonyl group (C=O) is the defining feature of alkanals, giving them specific chemical properties and reactivities.