Maintenance of osmotic balance in body cells of animals is regulated by

The maintenance of osmotic balance in the body cells of animals is regulated by sodium and potassium. Osmotic balance refers to the balance of water and electrolytes (ions) inside and outside the cell. Sodium and potassium are both electrolytes that play vital roles in the body's fluid balance. Sodium ions are mainly found outside the cell while potassium ions are mainly found inside the cell. The concentration of these ions is regulated by specific transporters called ion channels and pumps, which help to maintain the balance between the inside and outside of the cell. This is important for many biological processes, including nerve and muscle function, and the regulation of blood pressure and volume.