Outline six functions of the Emir in the Hausa/Fulani traditional political system.

Answer Details

In the Hausa/Fulani traditional political system the Emir was the head of the emirate and performed the following functions.

1. Chief executive of the emirate: The Emir was the political and administrative head who directed the affairs of the emirate and appointed and supervised his officials.
2. Chief judge: He was the highest judicial authority; he presided over the Alkali (Sharia) courts and gave final judgements, applying Islamic law.
3. Religious leader: As a devout Muslim ruler, he defended and promoted Islam and served as the spiritual head of his people.
4. Collection of taxes: Through officials such as the Sarkin Fada and district heads, he supervised the assessment and collection of taxes such as the jangali and zakat.
5. Maintenance of law and order: He commanded the emirate forces, maintained peace and security, and punished offenders.
6. Appointment of officials: He appointed and controlled district and village heads and other title-holders (such as the Waziri, Galadima and Madawaki) who assisted in administration.

He also defended the emirate against external attack and represented his people in dealings with other emirates and the Sultan of Sokoto.