(a) List two examples of volcanic mountains in the world. (b) With the aid of annotated diagram, describe how composite cones are formed. (c) Outline three ...

(a) List two examples of volcanic mountains in the world.
(b) With the aid of annotated diagram, describe how composite cones are formed.
(c) Outline three causes of landslides.

Answer Details

(a) Two examples of volcanic mountains in the world are:

• Mount Fuji in Japan
• Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania

(b) Composite cones, also known as stratovolcanoes, are formed through a combination of explosive and effusive eruptions. The process can be described with the following annotated diagram:

1. A layer of ash, lava, and other volcanic materials is deposited during an explosive eruption.
2. Lava flows out of the central vent and spreads outwards, forming layers of hardened lava.
3. The process repeats, with alternating layers of ash and lava being deposited, until the cone reaches its final height.
4. The cone may also experience flank eruptions, where lava flows out of a vent on the side of the cone instead of the central vent.

(c) Landslides can be caused by various factors, including:

1. Heavy rainfall: When rainfall is excessive, the ground may become saturated with water, causing it to become unstable and prone to landslides.
2. Steep slopes: Slopes that are too steep may not be able to support their own weight and may collapse, causing a landslide.
3. Human activity: Activities such as deforestation, mining, and construction can destabilize slopes and increase the likelihood of landslides.