The two ions responsible for hardness in water are

Assessment: JAMB UTME - Chemistry - 2019 Subject: Chemistry

Question 1 Report

The two ions responsible for hardness in water are
Answer Details
The ions responsible for hardness in water are Ca2+ and/or Mg2+. Hardness in water refers to the presence of calcium and magnesium ions, which are commonly found in natural water sources such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater. These ions can react with soap to form insoluble compounds, reducing the effectiveness of soap and causing scaling in pipes and appliances. The hardness of water is often measured in terms of the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, expressed as calcium carbonate equivalents (CaCO3).
Read lesson note on Solubility (JAMB)
Read lesson note on Water (JAMB)
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