A sample of human blood was put in a test tube and allowed to spin in a centrifuge. The components of the blood sample were clearly separated. (a) List the ...

Answer Details

(a) The four main components of blood in the test tube are plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

(b)

1. Plasma would form the top layer in the test tube.
2. White blood cells destroy pathogens.
3. Red blood cells are biconcave in shape.
4. Platelets would be relatively low in a haemophilic condition.
5. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.
6. Platelets are also known as thrombocytes.
7. White blood cells are nucleated.

(c) Three chemical substances transported by plasma are hormones, glucose, and waste products such as carbon dioxide.

(d) Four diseases associated with blood are sickle cell anaemia, haemophilia, leukaemia, and anaemia.

(e) A disease of the blood could be dangerous because blood is responsible for carrying oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body, as well as removing waste products. If the blood is unable to perform these functions properly due to a disease, it can lead to a variety of serious health problems, including organ damage and failure. Additionally, certain blood diseases can affect the ability of the blood to clot, which can be life-threatening in the event of an injury or trauma.