The origin of democracy is traced to the Greeks. In ancient Greece, the city-state of Athens developed a system of government that allowed citizens to participate in decision-making through a process called direct democracy. In this system, all male citizens (excluding slaves and non-citizens) could attend an assembly where they could debate and vote on laws and policies. This Athenian democracy, which emerged in the 5th century BCE, was a significant departure from the earlier forms of government, such as monarchies and oligarchies, where power was concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals. The Athenian democracy had a profound impact on Western political thought and remains an important example of how citizens can participate in governance.