(a) Draw an outline map of Africa. On the map, show and name one area of: (i) Equatorial climate (ii) Tropical continental climate (iii) Mediterranean clima...

(a) Draw an outline map of Africa. On the map, show and name one area of:
(i) Equatorial climate
(ii) Tropical continental climate
(iii) Mediterranean climate
(iv) One important town each in (a)(i) and (ii) above.

(b) (i) Name the type of vegetation associated with the Tropical Continental Climate.
(ii) Outline four ways in which the vegetation named in

(b)(i) above has adapted to the climatic characteristics of the area. 
 

Answer Details

(b) (i) The type of vegetation associated with the Tropical Continental Climate is savanna vegetation, also known as tropical grassland.

(ii) Savanna vegetation has adapted to the climatic characteristics of the Tropical Continental Climate in several ways. First, many plants in savannas have deep root systems to access groundwater during the dry season, helping them survive prolonged periods of drought. Second, savanna plants often have thick bark or waxy coatings on leaves to minimize water loss through transpiration. These adaptations help them conserve water in hot and dry conditions. Third, some savanna plants, such as acacias, have evolved thorns or toxins to deter herbivores, which are abundant in these open landscapes. This serves as a defense mechanism to protect against browsing animals. Fourth, savanna vegetation has developed mechanisms for rapid growth and reproduction during the brief rainy season, allowing them to take advantage of the limited period of favorable conditions for growth and seed dispersal. These adaptations collectively enable savanna vegetation to thrive in the challenging climatic conditions of the Tropical Continental Climate.