(a) Give the definition of Hajj (b) Highlight five of its lessons.

(a) Definition of Hajj

Hajj is the pilgrimage to the sacred House of Allah (the Ka'bah) in Makkah, performed in the month of Dhul-Hijjah by every Muslim who is physically and financially able. It is the fifth pillar of Islam and involves a set of prescribed rites such as wearing Ihram, standing at 'Arafah, Tawaf of the Ka'bah, Sa'y between Safa and Marwah, and the stoning of the pillars. It is obligatory once in a lifetime upon those who can afford the journey (Q.3:97).

(b) Five lessons of Hajj

1. Equality and brotherhood: Pilgrims of all races and classes wear the same simple Ihram, standing equal before Allah with no distinction of wealth or status.
2. Submission and obedience: The rites teach total surrender to the commands of Allah in imitation of Prophet Ibrahim and his family.
3. Patience and perseverance: The hardships of travel, crowds and the rites train the pilgrim in endurance and self-discipline.
4. Remembrance of the Hereafter: The white garments resemble the burial shroud, and the vast gathering at 'Arafah reminds the pilgrim of the Day of Resurrection.
5. Unity of the Ummah: Muslims from every part of the world meet, exchange ideas and strengthen the bonds of the global Muslim community.

Additional lessons include forgiveness of sins, gratitude to Allah, and revival of the memory of the sacrifices of Ibrahim, Hajar and Isma'il.