Economics - 9214 OxfordAQA

Competitive And Concentrated Markets

Akopọ

Walk down a street with eleven food stalls and you will find eleven prices within a few cents of each other. Walk into a country where one company supplies all the electricity and there is one price, take it or leave it. The good being sold is not what makes the difference. The number of sellers is.

This lesson is about market structure: how many producers there are, how different their products are, and how easy it is for a new firm to walk in. You will learn what happens to price, choice, quality and profit as a market moves from many sellers to very few, why a monopolist can do things a market trader cannot, and what an oligopoly is. Then you will apply demand and supply to a market you have not yet analysed with them: the market for labour, where the price is a wage, and where the same tools explain why a surgeon earns many times what a shelf-stacker does.

Awọn Afojusun

  1. Identifying market structures
  2. Competitive markets
  3. The main characteristics of a competitive market
  4. The impact of competitive markets on price and choice
  5. The economic impact of competition on producers and consumers
  6. Non-competitive markets
  7. The main characteristics of a non-competitive market
  8. The impact of non-competitive markets on price and choice
  9. Monopoly and oligopoly
  10. The labour market
  11. The role and operation of the labour market
  12. Determination of wages through supply and demand

Àwòrán ọpọlọ

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Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́

Suppose you are selling roasted maize on a street where ten other people sell roasted maize. Try charging twice what they charge and you will sell nothing, because your customer simply walks four metres to the next stall. Now suppose you are the only electricity company in the country. Raise your price and your customers cannot walk anywhere, because there is nowhere to walk to.

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Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́

Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Competitive And Concentrated Markets. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.

Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.

Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.

  1. In which occupations will wages tend to be highest? In those where: A. workers are in excess demand B. workers are paid weekly C. workers need little training D. workers require few qualifications Answer: A
  2. Which of the following is a characteristic of a competitive market? A. A single producer sets the price B. Barriers to entry are high C. Many firms sell similar products and none can influence the price D. Products are heavily differentiated by patents Answer: C
  3. A market is dominated by four large firms that watch each other's prices closely. What is this market structure called? A. A competitive market B. A factor market C. A monopoly D. An oligopoly Answer: D
  4. Total sales in a market are $400 million and the largest firm sells $140 million. What is its market share? A. 2.9% B. 26.0% C. 35.0% D. 65.0% Answer: C
  5. Which of the following would be most likely to raise the equilibrium wage of nurses? A. A fall in the demand for health care B. A large increase in the number of qualified nurses C. A reduction in the training required to qualify D. An increase in government spending on hospitals Answer: D

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