Solar System And Orbital Motion
Akopọ
Somewhere on the wall of a building near you there is a satellite dish, bolted into the brickwork, pointing at an empty patch of sky. Nobody adjusts it. Nobody tracks anything with it. It was aimed once, on the day it was fitted, and it has not moved since, and the pictures keep arriving. That only works because a machine the size of a minibus, thirty six thousand kilometres above the equator, is circling the planet at a speed chosen so precisely that from the ground it appears to be nailed in place.
This lesson is about why that speed had to be what it is, and why the engineers had no freedom to pick a different one. You will take an inventory of the solar system and learn to separate a planet from a moon, a dwarf planet from an asteroid and either of those from a comet, on size and on the shape of the path they follow. You will find out what actually holds a planet in its orbit, why an object going round a circle at a steady speed is nevertheless accelerating every second of the journey, and why a satellite in a low orbit is racing while one far out is dawdling. By the end you will be able to look at a job a satellite has to do and say how high it must fly and how fast it must travel to do it.
Awọn Afojusun
- The Earth is one of eight planets orbiting the Sun (a medium sized star), which together with other smaller objects (asteroids, dwarf planets, comets) and moons orbiting several planets, make up the solar system. Students should be able to describe the principal differences between planets, moons, the Sun, comets and asteroids in terms of relative size and motion.
- Our universe is made up of: thousands of millions of galaxies that are each made up of thousands of millions of stars; our Sun is one of thousands of millions of stars in our galaxy called the Milky Way.
- Planets orbit the Sun and a moon is a natural satellite of a planet. Artificial satellites orbit the Earth and can be in geostationary or low polar orbits.
- Gravity provides the centripetal force that keeps planets and satellites (both natural and artificial) in orbit.
- The force of gravity acts towards the centre of the orbit. This unbalanced force causes acceleration towards the centre of the orbit, changing the direction of motion of the body (its velocity) but not its speed. The equation for calculating centripetal force is not required.
- The centripetal force due to gravity decreases as the separation of orbiting masses increases, resulting in lower orbital speeds.
- At a particular separation of the masses, the centripetal force results in a particular orbital speed. To stay in a stable orbit at a particular distance, the planet or satellite moves at a particular speed. A change in orbital speed results in a change in orbital radius. Students should be able to explain the motion of moons and artificial satellites and be able to apply this to the design of satellite placing where the speed will determine the radius of the satellite’s final position.
Àwòrán ọpọlọ
A ti ṣe àwòrán kókó yìí kí o lè rí bí àwọn èrò ṣe so pọ̀.
Ṣí àwòrán ọpọlọ nínú áàpù
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
Àkọsílẹ̀ Ẹ̀kọ́ Pípé wà lórí Ohun Èlò Green Bridge
Gba ohun èlò Green Bridge CBT sórí fóònù tàbí kọ̀mpútà rẹ fún gbogbo ilé ìkàwé IGCSE: ìwé ìdánwò àtijọ́, ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n, àwòrán èrò, káàdì ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti ẹ̀kọ́ ohùn.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Solar System And Orbital Motion. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- Which of these objects orbits a planet rather than orbiting the Sun directly? A. A comet B. An asteroid C. A moon D. A dwarf planet Answer: C
- What provides the centripetal force that keeps the Earth in orbit around the Sun? A. Friction B. Gravity C. Magnetism D. Air resistance Answer: B
- A satellite moves around a circular orbit at a constant speed. Which quantity is changing? A. Its mass B. Its speed C. Its velocity D. Its distance from the centre of the orbit Answer: C
- Satellite X orbits the Earth at a radius of 7.0 x 10^6 m and satellite Y at a radius of 4.2 x 10^7 m. Which statement is correct? A. X travels faster than Y and takes less time for one orbit B. Y travels faster than X and takes less time for one orbit C. X and Y travel at the same speed D. X travels more slowly than Y and takes more time for one orbit Answer: A
- How does the orbit of a comet differ from the orbit of a planet? A. A comet's orbit is nearly circular and a planet's is highly elliptical B. A comet's orbit is highly elliptical and a planet's is nearly circular C. Both orbits are perfect circles D. A comet orbits a planet and a planet orbits the Sun Answer: B
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Ṣe o fẹ ṣe adaṣe awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe nipa Solar System And Orbital Motion? Ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo Green Bridge CBT lati wọle si awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe ati awọn ayẹwo adaṣe kikun fun koko-ọrọ yii.
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