History - 4HI1 PearsonEdexcel

The Changing Role Of International Organisations: The League And The UN, 1919-c2011

Akopọ

Twice in the twentieth century the world's governments tried to build an organisation that would make large-scale war unnecessary, and twice they built something less powerful than they had promised. The League of Nations settled real disputes in the 1920s and then watched two of its own members invade other countries in the 1930s. The United Nations was designed specifically to correct the League's faults, and spent its first forty-five years paralysed by a veto that the design deliberately included.

This is a topic where the judgement matters more than the narrative, because assessments of both organisations vary sharply among historians. Some measure them against the wars they failed to prevent; others against what would have existed in their absence. Your task is to hold both standards in view and say which you are using.

Awọn Afojusun

  1. The creation and successes of the League, 1919-29: Woodrow Wilson, the Covenant, membership, Assembly, Council, Secretariat, successes including the Aaland Islands, Upper Silesia, the Greek-Bulgarian War
  2. The League challenged, 1930-39: the roles of the Great Powers, failures in Manchuria and Abyssinia, the continuing work of specialised agencies
  3. Setting up the United Nations Organisation and its work to 1964: the UN Charter, structural problems, General Assembly, Security Council, peacekeeping forces, UN agencies including ILO, WHO, FAO, UNESCO and UNICEF, the UN role in Palestine, Korea and the Congo
  4. The UN challenged, 1967-89: the Middle East including Resolutions 242 and 338, Lebanon, Namibia, the problem of the Permanent 5, the continuing work of specialised agencies
  5. The UN at bay, 1990-2011: identity wars including Somalia, Bosnia, the Balkans, Mozambique and Sudan, the Gulf Wars, obstacles to success

Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́

Every difficulty in this topic comes back to a single structural tension. An international organisation has no army, no police force and no tax revenue of its own; it acts only through the states that belong to it. But the states most capable of enforcing a decision are also the ones most likely to have their own interests engaged in the dispute. Both the League and the UN were built around that problem, and they solved it in opposite ways: the League required near-unanimity and so achieved paralysis by consensus, while the UN gave the strongest states a formal veto and so achieved paralysis by design. Neither escaped the tension, and understanding it is worth more than memorising either constitution.

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Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori The Changing Role Of International Organisations: The League And The UN, 1919-c2011. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.

Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.

Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.

  1. Why did the United States never join the League of Nations? A) President Wilson opposed the idea B) The US Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles C) The League refused US membership D) The USA joined and then resigned in 1923 Answer: B
  2. Which of these was a League success in the 1920s? A) The Corfu incident of 1923 B) The Manchurian crisis C) The Aaland Islands dispute of 1921 D) The Abyssinian crisis Answer: C
  3. Which commodity was excluded from the League's sanctions against Italy in 1935? A) Coal B) Oil C) Rubber D) Iron ore Answer: B
  4. Why was the UN able to authorise a force for Korea in 1950? A) The veto had been abolished B) The Soviet Union was boycotting the Security Council and so did not veto it C) The General Assembly overruled the Security Council D) China supported the resolution Answer: B
  5. Which UN resolution, passed in November 1967, linked Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories to recognition of the security of every state in the region? A) Resolution 181 B) Resolution 194 C) Resolution 242 D) Resolution 338 Answer: C

O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge

Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.

Awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun pẹlu awọn aworan apejuwe
Oluranlọwọ ẹkọ ti AI ṣe agbara rẹ
Kọ ẹkọ laisi intanẹẹti, nigbakugba, nibikibi
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O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge

Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.

Awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun pẹlu awọn aworan apejuwe
Oluranlọwọ ẹkọ ti AI ṣe agbara rẹ
Kọ ẹkọ laisi intanẹẹti, nigbakugba, nibikibi
O wa lori Android, Windows, macOS, ati Linux

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