The Mole And The Avogadro Constant
Akopọ
How do chemists count something as small and as numerous as atoms? You cannot tip them onto a balance one at a time, yet reactions happen atom by atom. The answer is the mole, a counting unit so large that it lets us weigh out exact numbers of particles, and the Avogadro constant that pins down just how many a mole contains.
In this lesson you will learn what a mole is, use the link between mass, moles and molar mass, and work with the molar gas volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure. You will calculate reacting masses, gas volumes, concentrations, empirical and molecular formulae, percentage yield and percentage purity: the quantitative heart of chemistry.
Awọn Afojusun
- State that concentration can be measured in g / dm3 or mol / dm3.
- [Supplement] State that the mole, mol, is the unit of amount of substance and that one mole contains 6.02 × 1023 particles, e.g. atoms, ions, molecules; this number is the Avogadro constant.
- [Supplement] Use the relationship amount of substance (mol) = mass (g) / molar mass (g / mol) to calculate: (a) amount of substance (b) mass (c) molar mass (d) relative atomic mass or relative molecular / formula mass (e) number of particles, using the value of the Avogadro constant.
- [Supplement] Use the molar gas volume, taken as 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure, r.t.p., in calculations involving gases.
- [Supplement] Calculate stoichiometric reacting masses, limiting reactants, volumes of gases at r.t.p., volumes of solutions and concentrations of solutions expressed in g / dm3 and mol / dm3, including conversion between cm3 and dm3.
- [Supplement] Use experimental data from a titration to calculate the moles of solute, or the concentration or volume of a solution.
- [Supplement] Calculate empirical formulae and molecular formulae, given appropriate data.
- [Supplement] Calculate percentage yield, percentage composition by mass and percentage purity, given appropriate data.
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
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Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- How many particles are there in one mole of a substance? A. 6.02 x 10^23 B. 6.02 x 10^-23 C. 1000 D. 24 Answer: A
- What is the molar gas volume at room temperature and pressure? A. 12 dm3 B. 22.4 dm3 C. 24 dm3 D. 100 dm3 Answer: C
- How many moles are in 40 g of calcium? (Ar Ca = 40) A. 0.5 mol B. 1 mol C. 2 mol D. 40 mol Answer: B
- A compound has 0.4 mol C and 0.8 mol H. Its empirical formula is: A. CH B. CH2 C. C2H D. CH4 Answer: B
- A reaction gives 9 g of product from a maximum possible 12 g. The percentage yield is: A. 25% B. 75% C. 133% D. 3% Answer: B
O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge
Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.
O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge
Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.
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