Disease Predisposing Factors
Akopọ
Two poultry farms near Oyo keep the same breed of bird, buy feed from the same market and sit less than a kilometre apart. When Newcastle disease reaches the area, one farm loses a third of its flock and the other loses almost nothing. The birds are not different, and the pathogen is not different. What is different is everything that made one flock's defences weaker and one flock's exposure higher long before the virus ever arrived. Those conditions are called disease predisposing factors, and they explain more about who falls sick on a farm than the pathogen itself ever does.
In this lesson you will learn what a predisposing factor is and how it differs from the actual cause of a disease, then work through six factors examiners return to every year: nutrition, housing, stress, hygiene, genetics and age, and the absence of vaccination or parasite control. For each one you will learn not just its name but the mechanism, exactly how it tips an animal toward disease, and the practical steps a farmer takes to close that door.
Awọn Afojusun
- Define disease predisposing factors
- State the factors that predispose farm animals to disease
- Explain how poor nutrition predisposes animals to disease
- Explain how poor housing and management predispose animals to disease
- Suggest ways of reducing disease predisposing factors on a farm
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
Forúkọsílẹ̀ láti Tẹ̀síwájú
Ṣẹda àkọọlẹ ọfẹ kan láti wọlé sí gbogbo àwọn oríṣìíríṣìí ìkànsí ikẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àwọn ìbéèrè ìdánwò, àti láti tọpa ìlọsíwájú rẹ.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Disease Predisposing Factors. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- Which of the following is a disease predisposing factor rather than the actual cause of disease? A. A bacterium B. A virus C. An overcrowded, poorly ventilated house D. A parasitic worm Answer: C
- Sustained stress increases an animal's susceptibility to disease mainly by: A. Increasing its appetite B. Raising a hormone level that suppresses immune function C. Improving its body temperature regulation D. Strengthening its skin Answer: B
- Day old chicks are more susceptible to disease than adult birds chiefly because: A. They eat more feed B. Their immune system is not yet fully developed C. They have thicker feathers D. They are kept in larger numbers Answer: B
- Which management practice would most directly reduce disease spread caused by poor hygiene? A. Reducing stocking density only B. Regular cleaning and disinfection of drinking troughs and pens C. Feeding a higher energy ration D. Selecting a hardier breed Answer: B
- An unvaccinated flock is at greater risk from a disease outbreak chiefly because: A. It has no trained immunity against that specific pathogen B. It eats more feed than a vaccinated flock C. It grows faster than a vaccinated flock D. Vaccination has no effect on immunity Answer: A
Forúkọsílẹ̀ láti Tẹ̀síwájú
Ṣẹda àkọọlẹ ọfẹ kan láti wọlé sí gbogbo àwọn oríṣìíríṣìí ìkànsí ikẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àwọn ìbéèrè ìdánwò, àti láti tọpa ìlọsíwájú rẹ.
Forúkọsílẹ̀ láti Tẹ̀síwájú
Ṣẹda àkọọlẹ ọfẹ kan láti wọlé sí gbogbo àwọn oríṣìíríṣìí ìkànsí ikẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àwọn ìbéèrè ìdánwò, àti láti tọpa ìlọsíwájú rẹ.
