Breathing
Akopọ
You have taken roughly twenty thousand breaths since this time yesterday and noticed almost none of them. Every one of them ran the same errand: bringing fresh air close enough to your blood for oxygen to cross into it, and carrying away the carbon dioxide your cells have finished with. Nothing pumps those gases across. They move by diffusion, which is slow and works only over very short distances, so the body has to build a surface that makes it fast.
This lesson takes that surface apart. You will name the eight structures the specification asks you to recognise on a diagram of the respiratory system, follow air down the branching tubes from the trachea to the alveoli, and work out why a gas exchange surface the size of a badminton court is folded up inside your ribcage. Along the way you will see why an organism the size of you cannot do what a single cell does and simply swap gases across its own outer surface.
Awọn Afojusun
- The respiratory (breathing) system takes air into and out of the body so that oxygen from the air can diffuse into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide can diffuse out of the bloodstream into the air. The lungs are in the upper part of the body (thorax), protected by the ribcage and separated from the lower part of the body (abdomen) by the diaphragm. Students should be able to recognise the following on a diagram of the respiratory system: ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, lungs, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
- The alveoli provide a very large surface area, richly supplied with blood capillaries, so that gases can readily diffuse into and out of the blood.
Àwòrán ọpọlọ
A ti ṣe àwòrán kókó yìí kí o lè rí bí àwọn èrò ṣe so pọ̀.
Ṣí àwòrán ọpọlọ nínú áàpù
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
Àkọsílẹ̀ Ẹ̀kọ́ Pípé wà lórí Ohun Èlò Green Bridge
Gba ohun èlò Green Bridge CBT sórí fóònù tàbí kọ̀mpútà rẹ fún gbogbo ilé ìkàwé IGCSE: ìwé ìdánwò àtijọ́, ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n, àwòrán èrò, káàdì ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti ẹ̀kọ́ ohùn.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Breathing. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- Which structure separates the thorax from the abdomen? A. The ribcage B. The diaphragm C. The trachea D. The bronchioles Answer: B
- In which order does air pass through these structures on its way into the lungs? A. Trachea, bronchiole, bronchus, alveolus B. Trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus C. Bronchus, trachea, alveolus, bronchiole D. Bronchiole, bronchus, trachea, alveolus Answer: B
- Approximately what percentage of exhaled air is carbon dioxide? A. 0.04% B. 4% C. 16% D. 21% Answer: B
- Which feature of the alveoli most increases the rate at which oxygen diffuses into the blood? A. Rings of cartilage that hold them open B. A large surface area with walls one cell thick and many capillaries C. A thick layer of muscle in their walls D. Cilia that sweep mucus away from them Answer: B
- A single-celled organism needs no gas exchange system. Why? A. It does not respire B. It has a relatively large surface area compared with its volume C. It makes its own oxygen D. Its surface membrane is thicker than an alveolus wall Answer: B
Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ṣe Adaṣe Awọn Ibeere Idanwo Adaṣe
Ṣe o fẹ ṣe adaṣe awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe nipa Breathing? Ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo Green Bridge CBT lati wọle si awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe ati awọn ayẹwo adaṣe kikun fun koko-ọrọ yii.
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