East Germany, 1958-90
Akopọ
On 15 June 1961 Walter Ulbricht told a press conference that nobody had any intention of building a wall. Eight weeks later Berliners woke to find barbed wire across their streets. For the next twenty-eight years the German Democratic Republic held its population in place with concrete, watchtowers and a secret police force that at its height employed around 91,000 people full time and ran roughly 189,000 informers. Then, in the autumn of 1989, it lost control of its own citizens in about eight weeks and disappeared within a year.
This note covers the Berlin Wall crisis, the economy and the machinery of control, daily life in a state that genuinely delivered work, childcare and housing while denying free speech and free movement, the strange half-friendship of Ostpolitik, and the Peaceful Revolution. Because this is a Paper 2 source topic, it also uses one of the richest bodies of evidence any period has left behind: propaganda, escape testimony, applications to emigrate, and the Stasi's own files, which the people they spied on were later allowed to read.
Awọn Afojusun
- The Berlin Wall crisis, 1958-63: the refugee problem, the influence of Ulbricht and Khrushchev, the impact of the Wall on East Berliners, security and escapes
- Stabilisation and control: the GDR, 1962-87: economic stabilisation, the New Economic System, the role of Comecon, economic problems in the 1980s, the role of the Stasi, control of the young, religion, propaganda, censorship
- Life in the GDR - social change, 1962-87: daily life including employment, housing, education, welfare, the changing role of women, Honecker and GDR identity, mass media, sport
- Ostpolitik - relations with the Federal Republic, 1969-87: Ostpolitik and its impact, the agreements of 1970-72, travel restrictions, international recognition of the GDR
- The Peaceful Revolution, 1987-90: the influence of Gorbachev, key events of 1989, the decline of Honecker, the opening of the Berlin Wall, the collapse of the SED government, the reunification of Germany
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge
Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori East Germany, 1958-90. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- Roughly how many people left the GDR for the West between 1949 and August 1961? A) About 300,000 B) About 1 million C) About 2.7 million D) About 6 million Answer: C
- What did Khrushchev demand in his Berlin ultimatum of November 1958? A) The immediate reunification of Germany B) That the Western allies withdraw from West Berlin within six months and that it become a demilitarised free city C) That West Germany leave NATO D) That the GDR be admitted to the United Nations Answer: B
- Which agreement of December 1972 led the two German states to recognise each other and exchange permanent missions? A) The Four Power Agreement on Berlin B) The Treaty of Moscow C) The Basic Treaty D) The Helsinki Final Act Answer: C
- Why were church buildings important to opposition groups in the GDR during the 1980s? A) The SED had banned all other religions B) They were the only institution outside direct SED control, so peace, environmental and human rights groups could meet there C) The Stasi was forbidden by law from entering them D) They were funded directly by West Germany Answer: B
- What event on 9 November 1989 led directly to the opening of the Berlin Wall? A) Honecker's resignation B) The Alexanderplatz demonstration C) A press conference at which Schabowski announced new travel regulations and said they took effect immediately D) The first free elections in the GDR Answer: C
O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge
Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.
O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge
Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.
Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ṣe Adaṣe Awọn Ibeere Idanwo Adaṣe
Ṣe o fẹ ṣe adaṣe awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe nipa East Germany, 1958-90? Ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo Green Bridge CBT lati wọle si awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe ati awọn ayẹwo adaṣe kikun fun koko-ọrọ yii.
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