Crude Oil
Akopọ
Crude oil is one of the most important raw materials on the planet. It fuels transport, heats homes, and provides the starting molecules for plastics, medicines, and synthetic fabrics. Yet straight out of the ground it is little more than a thick, dark, foul-smelling liquid. The value lies in separating it into useful parts.
In this lesson you will learn how fractional distillation splits crude oil into fractions, what each fraction is used for, and how cracking converts surplus heavy molecules into the lighter ones industry demands. You will also explore why burning hydrocarbons is a double-edged sword: essential for energy, yet a major source of atmospheric pollution.
Awọn Afojusun
- know that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
- describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions
- know the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil: refinery gases, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil and bitumen
- know the trend in colour, boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions
- know that a fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy
- know the possible products of complete and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with oxygen in the air
- understand why carbon monoxide is poisonous, in terms of its effect on the capacity of blood to transport oxygen references to haemoglobin are not required
- know that, in car engines, the temperature reached is high enough to allow nitrogen and oxygen from air to react, forming oxides of nitrogen
- explain how the combustion of some impurities in hydrocarbon fuels results in the formation of sulfur dioxide
- understand how sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen contribute to acid rain
- describe how long-chain alkanes are converted to alkenes and shorter-chain alkanes by catalytic cracking (using silica or alumina as the catalyst and a temperature in the range of 600-700 ºC)
- explain why cracking is necessary, in terms of the balance between supply and demand for different fractions
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge
Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Crude Oil. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- Crude oil is a mixture of: A) Elements B) Hydrocarbons C) Metal oxides D) Noble gases Answer: B
- In fractional distillation, which fraction is collected nearest the top of the column? A) Bitumen B) Diesel C) Refinery gases D) Fuel oil Answer: C
- Which gas produced by incomplete combustion is toxic and odourless? A) Carbon dioxide B) Sulfur dioxide C) Carbon monoxide D) Nitrogen dioxide Answer: C
- What type of catalyst is used in catalytic cracking? A) Iron B) Platinum C) Silica or alumina D) Manganese dioxide Answer: C
- As the chain length of hydrocarbons in crude oil increases, the boiling point: A) Decreases B) Stays the same C) Increases D) Fluctuates Answer: C
O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge
Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.
O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge
Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.
Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ṣe Adaṣe Awọn Ibeere Idanwo Adaṣe
Ṣe o fẹ ṣe adaṣe awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe nipa Crude Oil? Ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo Green Bridge CBT lati wọle si awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe ati awọn ayẹwo adaṣe kikun fun koko-ọrọ yii.
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