Transport
Akopọ
A single-celled organism can rely on diffusion alone to move substances in and out, but a human body with trillions of cells cannot. Transport systems solve this problem: the circulatory system carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products around the body in blood, while in plants the vascular system moves water, minerals, and sugars through xylem and phloem.
In this lesson you will learn the composition of blood, the structure and function of the heart, how arteries, veins, and capillaries differ, how the immune system defends against pathogens, and how transpiration drives the movement of water through a plant. This is one of the largest topics in the specification and appears across both Paper 1 and Paper 2.
Awọn Afojusun
- Understand why simple, unicellular organisms can rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Understand the need for a transport system in multicellular organisms
- Describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plant
- Describe the role of xylem in transporting water and mineral ions from the roots to other parts of the plant
- Understand how water is absorbed by root hair cells
- Understand that transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant
- Understand how the rate of transpiration is affected by changes in humidity, wind speed, temperature and light intensity
- Investigate the role of environmental factors in determining the rate of transpiration from a leafy shoot
- Describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
- Understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy
- Understand how adaptations of red blood cells make them suitable for the transport of oxygen, including shape, the absence of a nucleus and the presence of haemoglobin
- Understand how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen
- Understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity
- Understand how platelets are involved in blood clotting, which prevents blood loss and the entry of micro-organisms
- Describe the structure of the heart and how it functions
- Explain how the heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline
- Understand how factors may increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease
- Understand how the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries relate to their function
- Understand the general structure of the circulation system, including the blood vessels to and from the heart and lungs, liver and kidneys
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge
Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Transport. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? A) Pulmonary artery B) Aorta C) Vena cava D) Pulmonary vein Answer: D
- What is the function of platelets? A) Carrying oxygen B) Producing antibodies C) Blood clotting at wound sites D) Transporting hormones Answer: C
- Which plant tissue transports dissolved sugars? A) Xylem B) Phloem C) Epidermis D) Palisade mesophyll Answer: B
- Which factor would DECREASE the rate of transpiration? A) Higher temperature B) Higher wind speed C) Higher humidity D) Higher light intensity Answer: C
- Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right? A) It receives more blood B) It needs to generate higher pressure for the systemic circulation C) It pumps blood to the lungs D) It contains more valves Answer: B
O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge
Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.
O wa lori ohun elo Green Bridge
Gba ohun elo Green Bridge CBT sori foonu tabi kọmputa rẹ lati ri awọn akọsilẹ ẹkọ ni kikun, awọn ibeere adaṣe, ati diẹ sii.
Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ṣe Adaṣe Awọn Ibeere Idanwo Adaṣe
Ṣe o fẹ ṣe adaṣe awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe nipa Transport? Ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo Green Bridge CBT lati wọle si awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe ati awọn ayẹwo adaṣe kikun fun koko-ọrọ yii.
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