Economics - 9214 OxfordAQA

Economic Foundations

Akopọ

A finance minister sits down with a budget of forty billion and a list of demands worth ninety. A farmer with sixty hectares can plant maize or cassava but not both on the same ground. You have one free evening and three things you would enjoy doing. Three completely different people, one identical problem: the wanting is endless and the means are not. Economics begins at exactly that point, and everything else in this course is built on it.

In this lesson you will pin down what an economic resource actually is, name the four factors of production and the reward each one earns, and meet the three questions every society on earth has to answer about production. You will learn to separate a need from a want and to see why that line moves as a country gets richer. Then you will meet the idea that examiners come back to more often than any other in the first weeks of this course: opportunity cost, the thing you gave up in order to have what you chose.

Awọn Afojusun

  1. Needs and wants
  2. The central purpose of economic activity
  3. The key economic decisions
  4. The main economic groups
  5. The factors of production The factors of production
  6. Making choices
  7. The basic economic problem
  8. Costs and benefits of economic choices, including opportunity costs

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Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́

Imagine a hospital that has been given one new operating theatre. The surgeons want it for hip replacements, the maternity unit wants it for caesarean sections, the cancer team wants it for tumour removals. Every one of those uses is worthwhile. Not one of them is wasteful. And yet the hospital can only pick one, because there is a single theatre and there are three claims on it.

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  1. Which of the following is the central purpose of economic activity? A. Earning the highest possible incomes B. Making the largest possible profits C. Producing goods and services to satisfy needs and wants D. Reducing the level of unemployment Answer: C
  2. Which of the following would be classed as an economic resource? A. Enterprise B. Money in a bank account C. Productivity D. Profit Answer: A
  3. Which reward is earned by the factor of production called capital? A. Interest B. Profit C. Rent D. Wages Answer: A
  4. A family can afford either a new fridge or a week away, both costing the same. They choose the week away. What is the opportunity cost of their decision? A. The money they spent B. The new fridge C. The week away D. Both the fridge and the money Answer: B
  5. Which of the following is NOT one of the three key economic decisions? A. How to produce B. What to produce C. When to stop producing D. Who is to benefit from what is produced Answer: C

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