Excretion
Akopọ
Every metabolic reaction in your body generates waste. Some of these waste products are toxic and must be removed before they accumulate to dangerous levels. Excretion is the process that gets rid of them, and the kidneys are the organs that do most of the heavy lifting, filtering your entire blood volume roughly 40 times every day.
In this lesson you will learn what excretory products the body makes and which organs remove them, how the nephron filters blood and produces urine, and how ADH regulates the water content of the blood. Kidney function is a favourite topic for structured questions on both Paper 1 and Paper 2.
Awọn Afojusun
- Understand the origin of carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of metabolism and their loss from the stomata of a leaf
- Know the excretory products of the lungs, kidneys and skin (organs of excretion)
- Understand how the kidney carries out its roles of excretion and osmoregulation
- Describe the structure of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
- Describe the structure of a nephron, including the Bowman's capsule and glomerulus, convoluted tubules, loop of Henle and collecting duct
- Describe ultrafiltration in the Bowman's capsule and the composition of the glomerular filtrate
- Understand how water is reabsorbed into the blood from the collecting duct
- Understand why selective reabsorption of glucose occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule
- Describe the role of ADH in regulating the water content of the blood
- Understand that urine contains water, urea and ions
Àwòrán ọpọlọ
A ti ṣe àwòrán kókó yìí kí o lè rí bí àwọn èrò ṣe so pọ̀.
Ṣí àwòrán ọpọlọ nínú áàpù
Káàdì ìrántí
Ìdánrawò kíákíá lórí ohun tí wọ́n ń dán wò nínú kókó yìí.
Ṣe ìdánrawò káàdì wọ̀nyí nínú áàpù
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
Àkọsílẹ̀ Ẹ̀kọ́ Pípé wà lórí Ohun Èlò Green Bridge
Gba ohun èlò Green Bridge CBT sórí fóònù tàbí kọ̀mpútà rẹ fún gbogbo ilé ìkàwé IGCSE: ìwé ìdánwò àtijọ́, ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n, àwòrán èrò, káàdì ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti ẹ̀kọ́ ohùn.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Excretion. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- Where is urea produced? A) Kidneys B) Liver C) Lungs D) Bladder Answer: B
- Which process forces small molecules out of the blood in the glomerulus? A) Osmosis B) Active transport C) Ultrafiltration D) Diffusion Answer: C
- Glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule by: A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Ultrafiltration D) Active transport Answer: D
- When a person is dehydrated, what happens to ADH levels? A) They increase B) They decrease C) They stay the same D) ADH is not involved Answer: A
- Which substance should NOT be found in the urine of a healthy person? A) Urea B) Water C) Glucose D) Ions Answer: C
Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs
Explain how the kidneys serve as the main osmoregulatory organs in mammalian systems
"Biology: The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/41-2-the-kidneys-and-osmoregulatory-organs. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions
Explain how hormonal cues help the kidneys synchronize the osmotic needs of the body
"Biology: Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/41-5-hormonal-control-of-osmoregulatory-functions. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
Àwọn àjọ mìíràn ló tẹ̀ wọ́n jáde lábẹ́ ìwé àṣẹ ṣíṣí, a sì dá wọn lọ́lá bí wọ́n ṣe béèrè. Àwọn ìjápọ̀ ń ṣí ojú òpó wọn.
Ṣe Adaṣe Awọn Ibeere Idanwo Adaṣe
Ṣe o fẹ ṣe adaṣe awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe nipa Excretion? Ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo Green Bridge CBT lati wọle si awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe ati awọn ayẹwo adaṣe kikun fun koko-ọrọ yii.
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