Development Of A Nation: Unification Of Italy, 1848-70
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In 1848 the word Italy described a peninsula, not a country. It contained seven separate states, an Austrian province, a Pope who ruled a strip of central territory as a monarch, and a set of customs barriers that made trading between Milan and Naples harder than trading with France. Twenty-two years later almost all of it answered to one king in Rome.
How that happened is a genuinely contested question. Was Italy unified by Cavour's diplomacy, by Garibaldi's volunteers, by the calculations of Napoleon III and Bismarck, or by a popular movement that both Cavour and Garibaldi were riding rather than leading? This note gives you the sequence accurately and then shows you how to argue about it.
Awọn Afojusun
- The 1848 Revolutions in the Italian states: causes including new constitutions in Tuscany and Piedmont, Mazzini's failed revolt, reasons for failure, legacy including Victor Emmanuel and the Statuto, Austrian dominance, impact on the papacy
- Developments in Piedmont, 1849-54: political developments, the rule of Victor Emmanuel II, the appointment of Cavour and his financial and domestic reforms, economic expansion, policies to reduce the influence of the Church
- The defeat of Austria, 1854-59: Piedmont's relationship with Austria, the Crimean War, causes of the Second Italian War of Independence, relations with Napoleon III, the Orsini Affair, the Pact of Plombieres, battles of Magenta and Solferino, the Treaty of Villafranca
- Garibaldi and the Papal States: Garibaldi's motives for intervention in Naples and Sicily, his relationship with Cavour and Victor Emmanuel II, proclamation of Kingdom of Italy, successes in Sicily and Naples
- Venice and Rome and the extent of unification by 1870: obstacles to unity after 1861, the Austro-Prussian War, union with Venetia, the problem of Rome, Garibaldi's diplomacy, the Franco-Prussian War, acquisition of Rome, factors promoting and working against unity
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Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Development Of A Nation: Unification Of Italy, 1848-70. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- At which battle in March 1849 was Piedmont decisively defeated, leading to Charles Albert's abdication? A) Custoza B) Novara C) Magenta D) Solferino Answer: B
- What did Piedmont agree to give France under the Pact of Plombieres in July 1858? A) Lombardy and Venetia B) Nice and Savoy C) Sicily and Naples D) Parma and Modena Answer: B
- Where did Garibaldi's Thousand land in Sicily in May 1860? A) Palermo B) Messina C) Marsala D) Milazzo Answer: C
- How did Italy gain Venetia in 1866? A) By defeating Austria at Custoza and Lissa B) Through Prussia's defeat of Austria, after which Austria ceded it to France to pass to Italy C) By a plebiscite organised by Cavour D) By purchase from the Pope Answer: B
- Why were Italian troops able to take Rome in September 1870? A) The Pope invited them in B) Garibaldi defeated the French at Mentana C) The French garrison was withdrawn because of the Franco-Prussian War D) Austria surrendered the city Answer: C
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