Biotechnology
Akopọ
Long before anyone understood DNA, humans were using living organisms to make food: yeast to raise bread and brew alcohol, microbes to make cheese and yoghurt. Today the same idea, harnessing enzymes and microbes in industry, produces biofuels, clearer fruit juice, cleaner laundry and lactose-free milk, often in giant steel fermenters.
In this lesson you will describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast for biofuels and bread, the use of pectinase, lactase and the enzymes in biological washing powders, and (for [Supplement]) how fermenters mass-produce insulin, penicillin and mycoprotein under carefully controlled conditions.
Awọn Afojusun
- Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast during the production of ethanol for biofuels
- Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast during bread-making
- Describe the use of pectinase in fruit juice production
- Investigate and describe the use of biological washing powders that contain enzymes
- [Supplement] Explain the use of lactase to produce lactose- free milk
- [Supplement] Describe how fermenters can be used for the large-scale production of useful products by bacteria and fungi, including insulin, penicillin and mycoprotein
- [Supplement] Describe and explain the conditions that need to be controlled in a fermenter, including: temperature, pH, oxygen, nutrient supply and waste products
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Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
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- Anaerobic respiration in yeast produces: A. ethanol and carbon dioxide B. oxygen and water C. lactic acid only D. glucose and oxygen Answer: A
- In bread-making, the useful product of yeast fermentation is: A. ethanol B. carbon dioxide C. lactic acid D. oxygen Answer: B
- Pectinase is used in fruit-juice production to: A. add sugar B. break down pectin to release and clarify juice C. kill bacteria D. add colour Answer: B
- Biological washing powders work poorly in very hot water because the enzymes are: A. diluted B. denatured C. frozen D. used up as fuel Answer: B
- [Supplement] Lactase is used to make milk suitable for lactose-intolerant people by: A. removing all sugar B. breaking lactose into glucose and galactose C. adding lactose D. killing bacteria Answer: B
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Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Metabolism without Oxygen
Discuss the fundamental difference between anaerobic cellular respiration and fermentation
"Biology: Metabolism without Oxygen" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/7-5-metabolism-without-oxygen. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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