Mathematics - Additional - 0606 CIE

Remainder And Factor Theorems

Akopọ

Dividing one polynomial by another can be slow. The remainder and factor theorems give you a shortcut so powerful it feels like cheating: you can find the remainder of a division, or test whether something is a factor, just by substituting a single number. No long division required.

In this lesson you will meet the remainder theorem, which says the remainder when a polynomial is divided by \((x-a)\) is simply \(f(a)\), and the factor theorem, its special case when that remainder is zero. Together they are the key to factorising and solving cubic equations, a staple of the higher-level syllabus.

Awọn Afojusun

  1. Know and use the remainder and factor theorems.
  2. Find factors of polynomials and solve cubic equations.

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Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́

Cubic and higher polynomials appear throughout advanced mathematics, and the first step in working with them is usually to factorise. The factor theorem turns that daunting task into a search for a single root you can test by substitution. It is the gateway from quadratics to the polynomials you will meet again at AS and A Level.

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Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Remainder And Factor Theorems. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.

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  1. What is the remainder when f(x) = x^3 - 2x^2 + 5x - 1 is divided by (x - 2)? A. 0 B. 5 C. 9 D. 11 Answer: C
  2. By the factor theorem, (x - a) is a factor of f(x) when: A. f(0) = a B. f(a) = 0 C. f(a) = 1 D. f(1) = a Answer: B
  3. Is (x - 1) a factor of f(x) = x^3 - 6x^2 + 11x - 6? A. Yes, because f(1) = 0 B. No, because f(1) = 6 C. Yes, because f(0) = -6 D. No, because f(1) = 1 Answer: A
  4. The full factorisation of x^3 - 6x^2 + 11x - 6 is: A. (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3) B. (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) C. (x - 1)^3 D. (x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 6) Answer: A
  5. What is the remainder when f(x) = x^2 + 3x + 2 is divided by (x + 2)? A. 0 B. 2 C. 6 D. 12 Answer: A

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