Special Menus
Akopọ
Not everyone at the table wants, or can safely eat, the same plate of food. The auntie who takes no meat, the toddler who is still growing, the patient just out of hospital, the pregnant mother, the grandfather with few teeth, the bricklayer who has dug since dawn: each brings a different need to the same kitchen. A caterer who serves one menu to all of them will please some and fail others. A special menu is how the good caterer feeds each guest as that guest actually needs to be fed.
In this lesson you will learn what a special menu is, the three vegetarian types and how to give a vegetarian enough protein, iron and vitamin B12 from Nigerian foods, how to feed the vulnerable groups from the child to the elderly, and how the worker's job decides the size of the plate. You will plan real menus, in beans and egusi and pap, for named people with named needs.
Awọn Afojusun
- Define a special menu
- Explain the dietary needs of vegetarians and the types of vegetarian
- Plan menus for vulnerable groups such as children, invalids and the elderly
- Explain the dietary considerations for workers in different occupations
- Plan a suitable special menu for a given individual or group
Àwòrán ọpọlọ
A ti ṣe àwòrán kókó yìí kí o lè rí bí àwọn èrò ṣe so pọ̀.
Káàdì ìrántí
Ìdánrawò kíákíá lórí ohun tí wọ́n ń dán wò nínú kókó yìí.
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
Forúkọsílẹ̀ láti Tẹ̀síwájú
Ṣẹda àkọọlẹ ọfẹ kan láti wọlé sí gbogbo àwọn oríṣìíríṣìí ìkànsí ikẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àwọn ìbéèrè ìdánwò, àti láti tọpa ìlọsíwájú rẹ.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Special Menus. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- A special menu is one planned to: A. Use only the most expensive foods B. Meet the particular dietary needs of a certain person or group C. Serve the same food to everybody D. Reduce the number of courses Answer: B
- A vegetarian who takes milk and eggs but no meat or fish is a: A. Vegan B. Lacto-vegetarian C. Lacto-ovo vegetarian D. Non-vegetarian Answer: C
- Which nutrient is a strict vegan LEAST likely to obtain naturally and must get from fortified food or a supplement? A. Carbohydrate B. Vitamin B12 C. Fibre D. Vitamin C Answer: B
- The best food combination to give a vegetarian complete protein is: A. Rice and yam B. Bread and garri C. Rice and beans D. Yam and plantain Answer: C
- A heavy manual worker, such as a bricklayer, needs a diet especially rich in: A. Energy foods (carbohydrate and fat) B. Water only C. Vitamin C only D. Very little food Answer: A
Forúkọsílẹ̀ láti Tẹ̀síwájú
Ṣẹda àkọọlẹ ọfẹ kan láti wọlé sí gbogbo àwọn oríṣìíríṣìí ìkànsí ikẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àwọn ìbéèrè ìdánwò, àti láti tọpa ìlọsíwájú rẹ.
Forúkọsílẹ̀ láti Tẹ̀síwájú
Ṣẹda àkọọlẹ ọfẹ kan láti wọlé sí gbogbo àwọn oríṣìíríṣìí ìkànsí ikẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àwọn ìbéèrè ìdánwò, àti láti tọpa ìlọsíwájú rẹ.
Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ibeere Atunyewo
Ṣe o n ronu ohun ti awọn ibeere atijọ fun koko-ọrọ yii dabi? Eyi ni nọmba awọn ibeere nipa Special Menus lati awọn ọdun ti o kọja.
Ibeere 1 Ìròyìn
The illustration above is a special lunch designed for the aged. Study it and answer questions 2(a) and 2(d).
(a) Give three reasons why the menu is suitable for the aged.
(b) Mention two methods of cooking used for preparing the menu.
(c) Identify one micronutrient that can be obtained from the menu and state one function of the micronutrient.
(d) Name the class of menu illustrated in the diagram.
Awọn alaye Idahun
The menu as shown on the illustration
CATERING CRAFT RESTAURANT, Wednesday 4th March, 2020
- First course: Mushroom soup or Tomato soup
- Main course: Shredded cabbage, Diced buttered potato, Braised silver side of beef
- Sweet course: Slices of pawpaw or Cut of orange
- Fixed price: \( \text{N}3{,}500.00 \)
(a) Three reasons why the menu is suitable for the aged
- The foods are soft and easy to chew and swallow. The aged usually have weak or missing teeth (poor dentition), so soft items such as soup, shredded cabbage, diced buttered potato, moist braised beef and ripe pawpaw put no strain on the gums.
- The foods are easily digestible. Digestion slows down in old age, so light, well cooked and moist dishes like soup and braised beef are gentle on the digestive system and are readily absorbed.
- The portions are small and the meal is light. The aged have a reduced appetite and lower energy needs because they are less active, so the modest three-course serving supplies enough nourishment without overloading them.
(Other acceptable reasons: it is nutritionally balanced and provides a variety of nutrients; it contains fruit that supplies vitamins and fibre to prevent constipation, a common problem of the aged.)
(b) Two methods of cooking used for preparing the menu
- Braising was used for the silver side of beef (slow, moist cooking in a little liquid that tenderises the tough cut).
- Boiling was used for the diced potato (which is then buttered) and for making the soup.
(Simmering/stewing of the soup is also acceptable as a second method.)
(c) One micronutrient obtainable from the menu and one of its functions
Micronutrient: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), obtained from the slices of pawpaw or the cut of orange (and from the cabbage).
Function: Vitamin C aids the healing of wounds and the formation of healthy connective tissue and blood vessels; it also helps the body absorb iron and protects against scurvy.
(Alternative acceptable answer: Iron, obtained from the beef, which helps in the formation of haemoglobin in red blood cells.)
(d) Class of menu illustrated in the diagram
The menu shown is a Table d'hote menu. This is because it offers a fixed set of courses at a single fixed price ( \( \text{N}3{,}500.00 \) ) with only a limited choice within each course (soup or soup, pawpaw or orange), which are the defining features of a table d'hote menu.