Extraction Of Metals
Akopọ
Most metals are not found pure in the ground; they are locked up in ores as compounds, usually oxides. Winning the metal back is a question of energy and reactivity: a reactive metal clings to its ore and needs electricity to free it, while a less reactive metal can be prised out with carbon. The reactivity series is the master key.
In this lesson you will learn how a metal's position in the reactivity series decides how it is extracted, follow the extraction of iron from hematite in the blast furnace step by step, and see why aluminium, high in the series, must be extracted by electrolysis from bauxite using cryolite and carbon anodes.
Awọn Afojusun
- Describe the ease in obtaining metals from their ores, related to the position of the metal in the reactivity series.
- Describe the extraction of iron from hematite in the blast furnace, limited to: (a) the burning of carbon (coke) to provide heat and produce carbon dioxide (b) the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide (c) the reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide (d) the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate / limestone to produce calcium oxide (e) the formation of slag Symbol equations are not required.
- State that the main ore of aluminium is bauxite and that aluminium is extracted by electrolysis.
- [Supplement] State the symbol equations for the extraction of iron from hematite (a) C + O₂ → CO₂ (b) C + CO₂ → 2CO (c) Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂ (d) CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ (e) CaO + SiO₂ → CaSiO₃.
- [Supplement] Describe the extraction of aluminium from purified bauxite / aluminium oxide, including: (a) the role of cryolite (b) why the carbon anodes need to be regularly replaced (c) the reactions at the electrodes, including ionic half-equations Details of the purification of bauxite are not required.
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Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Extraction Of Metals. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- How is a metal more reactive than carbon usually extracted? A. reduction with carbon B. electrolysis C. found native D. heating in air Answer: B
- What is the main ore of iron? A. bauxite B. hematite C. cryolite D. limestone Answer: B
- In the blast furnace, the reducing agent for iron(III) oxide is: A. oxygen B. limestone C. carbon monoxide D. slag Answer: C
- Why is cryolite used in the extraction of aluminium? A. it is the ore B. it lowers the melting point of aluminium oxide C. it forms slag D. it reduces the aluminium Answer: B
- Why do the carbon anodes in aluminium extraction need replacing? A. they dissolve in cryolite B. oxygen reacts with them to form carbon dioxide C. aluminium coats them D. they melt Answer: B
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Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals
Identify natural sources of representative metals
"Chemistry: Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/18-2-occurrence-and-preparation-of-the-representative-metals. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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