Acid Rain
Akopọ
Rain is meant to clean the air, but when we burn fuels that contain sulfur, and run engines hot enough to make the nitrogen in the air react, the rain itself turns sour. Sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen drift up into the clouds, react with oxygen and water vapour, and come back down as weak sulfuric and nitric acids. Carried on the wind, this acid rain can fall hundreds of kilometres from the chimney or exhaust that produced it, which is why it is a problem that crosses borders.
In this lesson you will learn exactly how acid rain forms, from the gases at the source to the acids that fall to Earth. You will study its effects on lakes and the fish in them, on soils, crops and forests, and on the very stone of our buildings. Finally you will examine the strategies used to manage it, from cleaning the gases leaving a power station to fitting catalytic converters to cars, and learn to weigh their benefits against their limitations.
Awọn Afojusun
- 4.3.1 Describe the formation of acid rain, limited to: (a) sulfur dioxide from combustion of fossil fuels which contain sulfur compounds (b) sulfur dioxide from volcanic gases (c) oxides of nitrogen when nitrogen from the atmosphere reacts with oxygen in the high temperature of vehicle engines (d) sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen react with oxygen and water vapour in the atmosphere to form acid rain.
- 4.3.2 Describe the impacts of acid rain, limited to: (a) acidification of bodies of water (b) reduced fish populations (c) effect on aquatic food webs (d) acidification of soils (e) damage to crops and vegetation: plant defoliation and reduced crop yields (f) damage to buildings.
- 4.3.3 Describe strategies to manage the impacts of acid rain, limited to: (a) flue-gas desulfurisation to remove sulfur dioxide by reacting with calcium carbonate or calcium oxide (b) catalytic converters to remove oxides of nitrogen (c) transport policies.
- 4.3.4 Discuss the benefits and limitations of strategies to manage the impacts of acid rain.
Ẹ̀kọ́ Ohùn
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Àwòrán ọpọlọ
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Káàdì ìrántí
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Àkọsílẹ̀ Ẹ̀kọ́ Pípé wà lórí Ohun Èlò Green Bridge
Gba ohun èlò Green Bridge CBT sórí fóònù tàbí kọ̀mpútà rẹ fún gbogbo ilé ìkàwé IGCSE: ìwé ìdánwò àtijọ́, ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n, àwòrán èrò, káàdì ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti ẹ̀kọ́ ohùn.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Acid Rain. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- Which two gases are the main cause of acid rain? A. Carbon dioxide and methane B. Sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen C. Oxygen and nitrogen D. CFCs and ozone Answer: B
- Oxides of nitrogen that contribute to acid rain are mainly formed: A. In the high temperatures of vehicle engines B. By photosynthesis in plants C. When CFCs break down D. In flooded rice fields Answer: A
- Which acids are formed when acid rain gases react in the atmosphere? A. Hydrochloric and carbonic acids B. Sulfuric and nitric acids C. Ethanoic and citric acids D. Phosphoric and boric acids Answer: B
- Flue-gas desulfurisation reduces acid rain by removing: A. Oxides of nitrogen from car exhausts B. Carbon dioxide from the air C. Sulfur dioxide from power-station gases D. Ozone from the stratosphere Answer: C
- Which of these is an impact of acid rain? A. A larger ozone hole B. Acidification of lakes and rivers C. Higher levels of argon in the air D. Cooling of the oceans Answer: B
Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Biogeochemical Cycles
Discuss the biogeochemical cycles of water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
"Biology: Biogeochemical Cycles" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/46-3-biogeochemical-cycles. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
Àwọn àjọ mìíràn ló tẹ̀ wọ́n jáde lábẹ́ ìwé àṣẹ ṣíṣí, a sì dá wọn lọ́lá bí wọ́n ṣe béèrè. Àwọn ìjápọ̀ ń ṣí ojú òpó wọn.
Ṣe Adaṣe Awọn Ibeere Idanwo Adaṣe
Ṣe o fẹ ṣe adaṣe awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe nipa Acid Rain? Ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo Green Bridge CBT lati wọle si awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe ati awọn ayẹwo adaṣe kikun fun koko-ọrọ yii.
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