Momentum
Akopọ
A loaded lorry rolling slowly can do far more damage than a fast tennis ball, and a rifle kicks backwards the instant a bullet leaves it. Both facts come from one powerful idea: momentum. It combines how much matter is moving with how fast it moves, and it obeys a conservation law that lets you predict what happens in collisions and explosions.
In this Supplement topic you will define momentum and impulse, link force to the rate of change of momentum, and use conservation of momentum to solve one-dimensional collision problems. You will also see why crumple zones and 'following through' in sport both come down to changing momentum over a longer or shorter time.
Awọn Afojusun
- [Supplement] Define momentum as mass × velocity; recall and use the equation p = mv
- [Supplement] Define impulse as force × time for which force acts; recall and use the equation impulse = F∆t = ∆(mv)
- [Supplement] Apply the principle of the conservation of momentum to solve simple problems in one dimension
- [Supplement] Define resultant force as the change in momentum per unit time; recall and use the equation ∆p F = ∆t
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Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Momentum. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- The momentum of a 4 kg object moving at 5 m/s is: A. 0.8 kg m/s B. 20 kg m/s C. 9 kg m/s D. 1.25 kg m/s Answer: B
- Impulse is equal to: A. mass times acceleration B. force times distance C. the change in momentum D. mass times velocity squared Answer: C
- A 2 kg trolley at 6 m/s hits a stationary 4 kg trolley and they move off together. Their common velocity is: A. 6 m/s B. 3 m/s C. 2 m/s D. 12 m/s Answer: C
- Crumple zones reduce the force in a crash because they: A. increase the change in momentum B. increase the collision time C. reduce the mass of the car D. increase the speed of impact Answer: B
- A resultant force equals: A. momentum times time B. change in momentum per unit time C. mass per unit velocity D. velocity per unit time Answer: B
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Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Linear Momentum, Force, and Impulse
Describe momentum, what can change momentum, impulse, and the impulse-momentum theorem
"Physics: Linear Momentum, Force, and Impulse" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/8-1-linear-momentum-force-and-impulse. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/1-introduction
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions
Distinguish between elastic and inelastic collisions
"Physics: Elastic and Inelastic Collisions" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/8-3-elastic-and-inelastic-collisions. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/1-introduction
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