Energetics
Akopọ
When chemicals react, energy is exchanged with the surroundings. Some reactions release heat and warm everything around them; others absorb heat and make the surroundings cooler. Understanding which direction the energy flows, and how to measure it, is at the heart of energetics.
In this lesson you will distinguish exothermic from endothermic reactions, carry out calorimetry calculations using Q = mcDeltaT, work out molar enthalpy changes, and interpret energy level diagrams. These skills appear regularly on both Paper 1 and Paper 2 of the Edexcel Science Double Award.
Awọn Afojusun
- Know that chemical reactions in which heat energy is given out are exothermic and those in which heat energy is taken in are endothermic
- Describe simple calorimetry experiments for reactions such as combustion, displacement, dissolving and neutralisation
- Calculate the heat energy change from a measured temperature change using Q = mcDeltaT
- Calculate the molar enthalpy change from the heat energy change Q
- Investigate temperature changes accompanying various types of change
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Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Energetics. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- Which of the following reactions is endothermic? A) Combustion of methane B) Neutralisation of an acid C) Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate D) Displacement of copper by iron Answer: C
- In the equation Q = mcDeltaT, what does c represent? A) Concentration B) Specific heat capacity C) Number of moles D) Temperature change Answer: B
- On an energy level diagram for an exothermic reaction, the products are: A) At a higher energy level than the reactants B) At the same energy level as the reactants C) At a lower energy level than the reactants D) Not shown on the diagram Answer: C
- A calorimetry experiment uses 100 cm3 of water. The mass of water used in the calculation is: A) 0.1 g B) 10 g C) 100 g D) 1000 g Answer: C
- What is the activation energy of a reaction? A) The total energy released by the products B) The minimum energy needed to start the reaction C) The difference between reactant and product energy D) The heat energy absorbed from the surroundings Answer: B
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Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Energy Basics
Define energy, distinguish types of energy, and describe the nature of energy changes that accompany chemical and physical changes
"Chemistry: Energy Basics" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/5-1-energy-basics. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Enthalpy
State the first law of thermodynamics
"Chemistry: Enthalpy" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/5-3-enthalpy. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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