Cosmology
Akopọ
About 14 billion years ago, everything in the universe was compressed into a single, incredibly hot, dense point. Then it exploded outward in an event we call the Big Bang, and it has been expanding ever since. The evidence for this remarkable claim comes from two independent observations: the red-shift of distant galaxies and the faint microwave glow that fills every corner of the sky.
In this lesson you will learn how the Doppler effect stretches light from receding galaxies, how this red-shift reveals that the universe is expanding, and how the cosmic microwave background radiation provides a snapshot of the early universe. You will also use the red-shift equation and explore how astronomers estimate the age of the universe. These ideas are tested on Edexcel Papers 1 and 2, often as explain-the-evidence questions.
Awọn Afojusun
- Describe the past evolution of the universe and the main arguments in favour of the Big Bang theory
- Describe evidence that supports the Big Bang theory (red-shift and cosmic microwave background radiation)
- Describe that if a wave source is moving relative to an observer, there will be a change in the observed frequency and wavelength
- Use the equation relating to change in wavelength, reference wavelength, velocity of a galaxy and the speed of light: (lambda - lambda0) / lambda0 = v / c
- Describe the red-shift in light received from galaxies at different distances away from the Earth
- Explain why the red-shift of galaxies provides evidence for the expansion of the universe
Àwòrán ọpọlọ
A ti ṣe àwòrán kókó yìí kí o lè rí bí àwọn èrò ṣe so pọ̀.
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Káàdì ìrántí
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Ṣe ìdánrawò káàdì wọ̀nyí nínú áàpù
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
Àkọsílẹ̀ Ẹ̀kọ́ Pípé wà lórí Ohun Èlò Green Bridge
Gba ohun èlò Green Bridge CBT sórí fóònù tàbí kọ̀mpútà rẹ fún gbogbo ilé ìkàwé IGCSE: ìwé ìdánwò àtijọ́, ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n, àwòrán èrò, káàdì ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti ẹ̀kọ́ ohùn.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Cosmology. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- What does it mean when light from a distant galaxy is red-shifted? A) The galaxy is getting hotter B) The galaxy is moving towards Earth C) The galaxy is moving away from Earth D) The galaxy is slowing down Answer: C
- The cosmic microwave background radiation has a temperature of approximately: A) 0 K B) 2.7 K C) 273 K D) 6000 K Answer: B
- What happens to the red-shift of a galaxy as its distance from Earth increases? A) It decreases B) It stays the same C) It increases D) It changes to blue-shift Answer: C
- Which of the following is NOT evidence for the Big Bang theory? A) Red-shift of galaxies B) Cosmic microwave background radiation C) Stars emitting light D) More distant galaxies receding faster Answer: C
- A spectral line has a reference wavelength of 500 nm. It is observed at 520 nm from a galaxy. The red-shift value (z) is: A) 0.02 B) 0.04 C) 20 D) 0.96 Answer: B
Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Cosmology and Particle Physics
Look at the sky on some clear night when you are away from city lights. There you will see thousands of individual stars and a faint glowing background of millions more. The Milky Way, as it has been called since ancient times, is an arm of our galaxy of stars—the word galaxy coming from the Greek w
"College Physics: Cosmology and Particle Physics" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/34-1-cosmology-and-particle-physics. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/1-introduction
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
Describe the Doppler effect of sound waves
"Physics: Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/14-3-doppler-effect-and-sonic-booms. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/1-introduction
Àwọn àjọ mìíràn ló tẹ̀ wọ́n jáde lábẹ́ ìwé àṣẹ ṣíṣí, a sì dá wọn lọ́lá bí wọ́n ṣe béèrè. Àwọn ìjápọ̀ ń ṣí ojú òpó wọn.
Ṣe Adaṣe Awọn Ibeere Idanwo Adaṣe
Ṣe o fẹ ṣe adaṣe awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe nipa Cosmology? Ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo Green Bridge CBT lati wọle si awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe ati awọn ayẹwo adaṣe kikun fun koko-ọrọ yii.
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