Forage Conservation And Utilization
Akopọ
Grass grows fastest exactly when livestock need it least. Through the rains, pasture around Kaduna, Makurdi or Jos grows thick and lush, far more than a herd can eat in a day, while by January the same fields are bare and brown and animals lose condition fast. Forage conservation is the answer to that mismatch: cutting the wet season's surplus grass and legume at their best and locking that quality in, as hay or silage, so it is still good feed months later when the dry season bites.
The two methods that do this work in almost opposite ways. Hay making dries forage until it is too dry for anything to spoil it. Silage making seals moist forage away from air until fermentation itself keeps it from spoiling. This lesson takes you through both processes step by step, shows you how to tell one from the other by moisture content alone, and covers how conserved forage is actually fed out and checked for quality once the harmattan arrives.
Awọn Afojusun
- Define forage conservation
- Explain the methods of forage conservation
- Distinguish between hay making and silage making
- Explain the methods of forage utilisation
- State the importance of forage conservation to livestock production
Àwòrán ọpọlọ
A ti ṣe àwòrán kókó yìí kí o lè rí bí àwọn èrò ṣe so pọ̀.
Káàdì ìrántí
Ìdánrawò kíákíá lórí ohun tí wọ́n ń dán wò nínú kókó yìí.
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
Forúkọsílẹ̀ láti Tẹ̀síwájú
Ṣẹda àkọọlẹ ọfẹ kan láti wọlé sí gbogbo àwọn oríṣìíríṣìí ìkànsí ikẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àwọn ìbéèrè ìdánwò, àti láti tọpa ìlọsíwájú rẹ.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Forage Conservation And Utilization. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- Forage conservation is best described as: A. Growing more pasture during the dry season B. Preserving surplus wet season forage for use when pasture is scarce C. Removing weeds from a pasture D. Fencing a pasture into paddocks Answer: B
- The approximate moisture content of properly cured hay ready for baling is: A. 12 to 15 percent B. 30 to 35 percent C. 50 to 55 percent D. 65 to 70 percent Answer: A
- Silage is preserved mainly by: A. Drying the forage until it is too dry to spoil B. Sealing moist forage away from air so it ferments C. Adding chemical preservatives D. Freezing the chopped forage Answer: B
- Which organisms are responsible for preserving silage through fermentation? A. Moulds B. Lactic acid bacteria C. Nematodes D. Yeasts alone Answer: B
- A sign that stored hay is no longer safe to feed is that it: A. Rustles when handled B. Smells musty and shows grey mould patches C. Is stacked in an open sided barn D. Was cut while still leafy Answer: B
Forúkọsílẹ̀ láti Tẹ̀síwájú
Ṣẹda àkọọlẹ ọfẹ kan láti wọlé sí gbogbo àwọn oríṣìíríṣìí ìkànsí ikẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àwọn ìbéèrè ìdánwò, àti láti tọpa ìlọsíwájú rẹ.
Forúkọsílẹ̀ láti Tẹ̀síwájú
Ṣẹda àkọọlẹ ọfẹ kan láti wọlé sí gbogbo àwọn oríṣìíríṣìí ìkànsí ikẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àwọn ìbéèrè ìdánwò, àti láti tọpa ìlọsíwájú rẹ.
Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ibeere Atunyewo
Ṣe o n ronu ohun ti awọn ibeere atijọ fun koko-ọrọ yii dabi? Eyi ni nọmba awọn ibeere nipa Forage Conservation And Utilization lati awọn ọdun ti o kọja.
Ibeere 1 Ìròyìn
Specimen A (Dry groundnut haulm)
(a)i. Outline the procedure for obtaining specimen A.
(ii) State three benefits that farm animals could derive from feeding on specimen A.
Specimen B (Guinea grass)
(b)(i) Mention two each that could be used to propagate specimen B;
(ii) preserve specimen B.
Specimen C (Kitchen knife)
(c) State four of specimen C in animal production
Awọn alaye Idahun
Specimen A - Dry groundnut haulm is the dried above-ground part of the groundnut plant (the stems, vines and leaves) that remains after the pods have been removed. A labelled diagram of the plant it comes from:
(a)(i) Procedure for obtaining Specimen A.
- Harvest the mature groundnut crop by uprooting the whole plants from the field.
- Detach the pods (nuts) from the plants by picking or threshing, leaving the stems, vines and leaves.
- Spread the remaining haulms in the open to dry in the sun (or under shade for slower, greener drying).
- Turn the material over at intervals so that it dries evenly and does not rot or grow mould.
- When it is properly dry, cut or chop it into smaller pieces.
- Pack it into jute bags or a suitable container and store in a dry place until it is needed as feed.
(a)(ii) Three benefits farm animals derive from feeding on Specimen A.
- It is rich in crude protein (groundnut is a legume), which supports growth and body building.
- It is high in fibre (roughage), which promotes rumination and healthy digestion in ruminants.
- It is readily available and stores well, providing valuable fodder during the dry season when green pasture is scarce.
Specimen B - Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), a tall, tufted forage grass.
(b)(i) Two materials used to propagate Specimen B.
- Seeds.
- Vegetative planting material: root or stem splits (slips) taken from the crown or rooted stem cuttings.
(b)(ii) Two methods used to preserve Specimen B.
- Hay making: cutting the grass and drying it to a low moisture content for storage.
- Silage making: chopping the fresh grass and ensiling it under airtight (anaerobic) conditions in a silo.
Specimen C - Kitchen knife, a hand-held cutting tool.
(c) Four uses of Specimen C in animal production.
- Cutting and chopping forage or fodder into smaller pieces for feeding.
- Slaughtering and dressing (skinning and cutting up) farm animals during processing.
- Castration and other minor surgical operations, and cutting the umbilical cord of newborn animals.
- Cutting ropes and opening feed bags during routine handling of animals.
Forúkọsílẹ̀ láti Tẹ̀síwájú
Ṣẹda àkọọlẹ ọfẹ kan láti wọlé sí gbogbo àwọn oríṣìíríṣìí ìkànsí ikẹ́kọ̀ọ́, àwọn ìbéèrè ìdánwò, àti láti tọpa ìlọsíwájú rẹ.