Radioactivity
Akopọ
Radioactivity is happening all around you right now: faint radiation from rocks, the air, your food and even outer space passes through you every second. Unstable nuclei throw out radiation at random, and learning to identify and measure it is the heart of nuclear physics.
In this lesson you will learn what background radiation is and where it comes from, how radiation is detected and counted, and the nature, ionising effect and penetrating power of alpha, beta and gamma radiation. You will also see how they behave in electric and magnetic fields and how to correct a count rate for background.
Awọn Afojusun
- Know what is meant by background radiation
- Know the sources that make a significant contribution to background radiation including: (a) radon gas (in the air) (b) rocks and buildings (c) food and drink (d) cosmic rays
- Know that ionising nuclear radiation can be measured using a detector connected to a counter
- Use count rate measured in counts / s or counts / minute
- Describe the emission of radiation from a nucleus as spontaneous and random in direction
- Identify alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) emissions from the nucleus by recalling: (a) their nature (b) their relative ionising effects (c) their relative penetrating abilities (β+ are not included, β-particles will be taken to refer to β-)
- [Supplement] Use measurements of background radiation to determine a corrected count rate
- [Supplement] Describe the deflection of α-particles, β-particles and γ-radiation in electric fields and magnetic fields
- [Supplement] Explain their relative ionising effects with reference to: (a) kinetic energy (b) electric charge
Ẹ̀kọ́ Ohùn
Gbọ́ ẹ̀kọ́ yìí nínú áàpù
Àwòrán ọpọlọ
A ti ṣe àwòrán kókó yìí kí o lè rí bí àwọn èrò ṣe so pọ̀.
Ṣí àwòrán ọpọlọ nínú áàpù
Káàdì ìrántí
Ìdánrawò kíákíá lórí ohun tí wọ́n ń dán wò nínú kókó yìí.
Ṣe ìdánrawò káàdì wọ̀nyí nínú áàpù
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
Àkọsílẹ̀ Ẹ̀kọ́ Pípé wà lórí Ohun Èlò Green Bridge
Gba ohun èlò Green Bridge CBT sórí fóònù tàbí kọ̀mpútà rẹ fún gbogbo ilé ìkàwé IGCSE: ìwé ìdánwò àtijọ́, ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n, àwòrán èrò, káàdì ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti ẹ̀kọ́ ohùn.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Radioactivity. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- Which is a source of background radiation? A. radon gas B. a torch battery C. a magnet D. sound waves Answer: A
- Alpha radiation is best described as: A. an electron B. a helium nucleus C. an electromagnetic wave D. a proton Answer: B
- Which radiation is stopped by a few millimetres of aluminium? A. alpha B. beta C. gamma D. none of them Answer: B
- Which radiation is NOT deflected by a magnetic field? A. alpha B. beta C. gamma D. all are deflected equally Answer: C
- A counter reads 90 counts/s near a source; background is 10 counts/s. The corrected count rate is: A. 100 counts/s B. 80 counts/s C. 9 counts/s D. 10 counts/s Answer: B
Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Biological Effects of Radiation
Describe the biological impact of ionizing radiation
"Chemistry: Biological Effects of Radiation" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/21-6-biological-effects-of-radiation. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
Àwọn àjọ mìíràn ló tẹ̀ wọ́n jáde lábẹ́ ìwé àṣẹ ṣíṣí, a sì dá wọn lọ́lá bí wọ́n ṣe béèrè. Àwọn ìjápọ̀ ń ṣí ojú òpó wọn.
Ṣe Adaṣe Awọn Ibeere Idanwo Adaṣe
Ṣe o fẹ ṣe adaṣe awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe nipa Radioactivity? Ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo Green Bridge CBT lati wọle si awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe ati awọn ayẹwo adaṣe kikun fun koko-ọrọ yii.
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Gbogbo ohun ti o nilo lati ṣe dara julọ ninu JAMB, WAEC ati NECO.
