Ionic Bonding
Akopọ
Table salt, limestone, rust - all of these familiar substances are held together by ionic bonds. When a metal atom transfers one or more electrons to a non-metal atom, both achieve stable outer shells and the resulting oppositely charged ions lock into a rigid lattice held by powerful electrostatic attraction.
This lesson explains how ions form, how to predict their charges from the periodic table, how to write ionic formulae, and how to draw dot-and-cross diagrams. You will also learn why ionic compounds have high melting points and why they only conduct electricity when molten or dissolved.
Awọn Afojusun
- understand how ions are formed by electron loss or gain
- know the charges of these ions: - metals in Groups 1, 2 and 3 - non-metals in Groups 5, 6 and 7 - Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Zn2+ - hydrogen (H+), hydroxide (OH-), ammonium (NH4+), carbonate (CO32-), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-).
- write formulae for compounds formed between the ions listed above
- draw dot-and-cross diagrams to show the formation of ionic compounds by electron transfer, limited to combinations of elements from Groups 1, 2, 3 and 5, 6, 7 only outer electrons need be shown
- understand ionic bonding in terms of electrostatic attractions
- understand why compounds with giant ionic lattices have high melting and boiling points
- know that ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid, but do conduct electricity when molten and in aqueous solution
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Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Ionic Bonding. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- What type of particle is formed when a sodium atom loses one electron? A) A negative ion B) A positive ion C) A molecule D) A neutral atom Answer: B
- What is the charge on an oxide ion? A) 1+ B) 2+ C) 1- D) 2- Answer: D
- Which of these ionic compounds has the formula MgCl2? A) Magnesium carbonate B) Magnesium chloride C) Manganese chloride D) Magnesium oxide Answer: B
- Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten because: A) The electrons are free to move B) The ions are free to move C) The molecules break apart D) The covalent bonds break Answer: B
- In a dot-and-cross diagram for NaCl, the chloride ion is shown with: A) 7 outer electrons B) 8 outer electrons C) 1 outer electron D) No outer electrons Answer: B
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Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Ionic Bonding
Explain the formation of cations, anions, and ionic compounds
"Chemistry: Ionic Bonding" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/7-1-ionic-bonding. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Molecular and Ionic Compounds
Define ionic and molecular (covalent) compounds
"Chemistry: Molecular and Ionic Compounds" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/2-6-molecular-and-ionic-compounds. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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