Probability
Akopọ
A weather forecaster who says '70% chance of rain' is not guessing: that number comes from counting how often rain followed similar conditions in the past. Probability turns uncertainty into a precise number between 0 and 1, and once events start combining, whether one after another or at the same time, a small set of rules tells you exactly how to combine their probabilities correctly.
This topic builds the probability scale, sample spaces and relative frequency, then covers the addition rule for mutually exclusive events, the product rule for independent events, tree diagrams for combined and conditional events, very simple conditional probability, and expected frequency.
Awọn Afojusun
- Understand the language and basic concepts of probability including the probability scale, sample spaces, relative frequency, probabilities and complements
- Use the addition rule for two or more mutually exclusive events
- Use the product rule for two or more independent events
- Determine the probability of two or more independent events
- Use simple conditional probability for combined events using tree diagrams
- Find very simple conditional probability
- Understand and use the term expected frequency
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Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Probability. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- P(rain) = 0.65. What is P(no rain)? A) 0.35 B) 0.65 C) 1.65 D) 0 Answer: A
- A fair die is rolled once. What is P(multiple of 2 or multiple of 3)? A) 1/6 B) 1/2 C) 2/3 D) 5/6 Answer: C
- Two fair coins are tossed. What is P(both land heads)? A) 1/2 B) 1/3 C) 1/4 D) 1/8 Answer: C
- A bag has 4 red and 6 blue counters. One is drawn and NOT replaced, then a second is drawn. What is P(second is red | first is red)? A) 4/10 B) 3/9 C) 4/9 D) 3/10 Answer: B
- A biased die has P(6) = 0.2. It is rolled 150 times. What is the expected number of sixes? A) 15 B) 20 C) 30 D) 75 Answer: C
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Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Two Basic Rules of Probability
When calculating probability, there are two rules to consider when determining if two events are independent or dependent and if they are mutually exclusive or not. If A and B are two events defined on a sample space , then: P ( A AND B ) = P ( B ) P ( A | B ). This rule may also be written as: P (
"Introductory Statistics: Two Basic Rules of Probability" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/introductory-statistics/pages/3-3-two-basic-rules-of-probability. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introductory-statistics/pages/1-introduction
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Tree and Venn Diagrams
Sometimes, when the probability problems are complex, it can be helpful to graph the situation. Tree diagrams and Venn diagrams are two tools that can be used to visualize and solve conditional probabilities. A tree diagram is a special type of graph used to determine the outcomes of an experiment.
"Introductory Statistics: Tree and Venn Diagrams" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/introductory-statistics/pages/3-5-tree-and-venn-diagrams. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/introductory-statistics/pages/1-introduction
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Ṣe o fẹ ṣe adaṣe awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe nipa Probability? Ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo Green Bridge CBT lati wọle si awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe ati awọn ayẹwo adaṣe kikun fun koko-ọrọ yii.
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