Drainage And Irrigation
Akopọ
Plant roots need water, but they also need air. A waterlogged soil drowns the roots by filling the spaces that should hold oxygen, while a soil that drains too fast may dry out before the crop can drink. Good farming is about getting this balance right, and the two tools for the job are drainage, which removes excess water, and irrigation, which adds water when the rain falls short.
In this lesson you will learn how gravitational water moves down through the soil, why waterlogging starves roots of oxygen and harms the organisms that keep soil healthy, and how ditches and drains rescue wet land. You will then study why and when crops need irrigation and compare the main methods, surface, sprinkler and drip, weighing each for its effect on water use, yield and crop quality.
Awọn Afojusun
- (a) describe drainage as movement of gravitational water down through the soil and understand the drainage of waterlogged land by means of ditches and the loss of plant nutrients due to leaching.
- (b) understand the effects of poor drainage on soil organisms and root respiration.
- (c) explain the need for irrigation and describe methods of irrigation with the effects on crop yield and quality (details of irrigation programmes for individual crops and of equipment specification are not required).
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Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Drainage And Irrigation. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
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- Drainage of a soil is best described as the movement of: A. Nutrients up to the leaves B. Gravitational water down through the soil C. Air out of the leaves D. Salts up to the surface Answer: B
- The loss of dissolved plant nutrients as water drains down through the soil is called: A. Leaching B. Erosion C. Transpiration D. Evaporation Answer: A
- Why do roots in a waterlogged soil grow poorly? A. There is too much oxygen B. There is little oxygen for root respiration C. The soil is too acidic D. There are too many nutrients Answer: B
- Which irrigation method generally uses water most efficiently? A. Surface (flood) irrigation B. Furrow irrigation C. Drip (trickle) irrigation D. Basin flooding Answer: C
- Which soil is most likely to become waterlogged after heavy rain? A. A sandy soil with large pores B. A heavy clay soil with tiny pores C. A well-structured loam D. A gravelly soil Answer: B
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