Polymers
Akopọ
Plastics are everywhere, from drink bottles to clothing, and almost all of them are polymers: giant molecules built by joining thousands of small units together. Understanding how these long chains form, from simple alkenes, explains both their usefulness and their environmental challenges.
In this lesson you will learn what a polymer and a monomer are, how many alkene monomers join by addition polymerisation to make a polymer such as poly(ethene), and why the strength of these molecules also makes their waste so hard to dispose of.
Awọn Afojusun
- Define polymers as large molecules built up from many smaller molecules called monomers.
- Describe the formation of poly(ethene) as an example of addition polymerisation using ethene monomers.
- State that plastics are made from polymers.
- Describe how the properties of plastics have implications for their disposal.
- Describe the environmental challenges caused by plastics, limited to: (a) disposal in landfill sites (b) accumulation in oceans (c) formation of toxic gases from burning.
- [Supplement] Identify the repeat units and / or linkages in addition polymers and in condensation polymers.
- [Supplement] Deduce the structure or repeat unit of an addition polymer from a given alkene and vice versa.
- [Supplement] Deduce the structure or repeat unit of a condensation polymer from given monomers and vice versa, limited to: (a) polyamides from a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine (b) polyesters from a dicarboxylic acid and a diol.
- [Supplement] Describe the differences between addition and condensation polymerisation.
- [Supplement] Describe and draw the structure of: (a) nylon, a polyamide O O O O C C N N C C N N H H H H (b) PET, a polyester O O O O C C O O C C O O The full name for PET, polyethylene terephthalate, is not required.
- [Supplement] State that PET can be converted back into monomers and re-polymerised.
- [Supplement] Describe and draw the structure of proteins as: H O H O N C N C N C H O.
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Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Polymers. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- A polymer is a large molecule made by joining many: A. Atoms of one element B. Monomers C. Salts D. Acids Answer: B
- The monomer used to make poly(ethene) is: A. Ethane B. Ethene C. Ethanol D. Ethanoic acid Answer: B
- In addition polymerisation, the monomers join because their: A. -OH groups react B. Double bonds open C. Single bonds break D. Acids neutralise Answer: B
- In addition polymerisation, the number of products formed is: A. Only the polymer B. The polymer and water C. The polymer and carbon dioxide D. Two polymers Answer: A
- A major environmental problem with addition polymers is that they: A. Dissolve in water B. Do not break down easily C. Evaporate quickly D. React with air Answer: B
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Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
Understand the synthesis of macromolecules
"Biology: Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/3-1-synthesis-of-biological-macromolecules. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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