Government Policies
Akopọ
When an economy slows sharply, a government has real choices to make, not just hope for the best. It can spend more or tax less. Its central bank can make borrowing cheaper. It can try to make the economy itself more productive over the long run. Each choice is a different lever with a different name, a different speed of effect, and a different set of side effects.
In this lesson you will learn the three main levers a government has for managing the macroeconomy: fiscal policy (tax and spending), monetary policy (interest rates), and supply-side policy (raising the economy's underlying capacity), alongside the direct controls government can place on business behaviour. You will practise matching the right instrument to a stated macroeconomic objective and explaining, precisely, the chain of cause and effect that connects a policy change to its outcome.
Awọn Afojusun
- Fiscal policy - government revenue and government expenditure: definition of fiscal policy, government revenue (direct and indirect taxes), government expenditure (main areas of focus), fiscal deficits and fiscal surpluses, impact of a fiscal deficit and fiscal surplus, the impact of fiscal policy on macroeconomic objectives
- Monetary policy - focused on interest rate changes: definition of monetary policy, definition of interest rates, central banks role in setting interest rates, impact of changes in interest rates on macroeconomic objectives (the mechanism by which a change in interest rates affects consumers and businesses, awareness of asset purchasing used by central banks)
- Supply-side policy: definition, supply-side policy and its impact on productivity and total output, the impact of supply-side policies on macroeconomic objectives (privatisation, deregulation, education and training, policies to boost regions with high unemployment, infrastructure spending, lower business taxes to stimulate investment, lower income tax rates to encourage working)
- Government controls: advantages and disadvantages of regulation, legislation, fines, pollution permits
Àwòrán ọpọlọ
A ti ṣe àwòrán kókó yìí kí o lè rí bí àwọn èrò ṣe so pọ̀.
Ṣí àwòrán ọpọlọ nínú áàpù
Káàdì ìrántí
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Ṣe ìdánrawò káàdì wọ̀nyí nínú áàpù
Akọ̀wé Ẹ̀kọ́
Àkọsílẹ̀ Ẹ̀kọ́ Pípé wà lórí Ohun Èlò Green Bridge
Gba ohun èlò Green Bridge CBT sórí fóònù tàbí kọ̀mpútà rẹ fún gbogbo ilé ìkàwé IGCSE: ìwé ìdánwò àtijọ́, ìlànà ìdíwọ̀n, àwòrán èrò, káàdì ìkẹ́kọ̀ọ́ àti ẹ̀kọ́ ohùn.
Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Government Policies. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- Which of the following is an instrument of fiscal policy? A) The interest rate B) Government spending C) The exchange rate D) Quantitative easing Answer: B
- A central bank raises interest rates. Which of the following is the most likely effect? A) Consumer borrowing increases B) Aggregate demand falls C) The currency depreciates D) Government spending automatically rises Answer: B
- Which of the following is a supply-side policy? A) A cut in interest rates B) An increase in government spending on welfare benefits C) Investment in education and training to raise workforce skills D) A rise in indirect taxation Answer: C
- Expansionary fiscal policy involves: A) Raising taxation and cutting government spending B) Cutting taxation and/or raising government spending C) Raising interest rates D) Increasing pollution permits Answer: B
- Which best describes why a fiscal expansion and a monetary tightening can offset each other? A) They both raise interest rates B) They push aggregate demand in opposite directions at the same time C) They are always set by the same body D) They only affect the current account Answer: B
Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Ṣiṣẹ́ lórí àwọn ìbéèrè wọ̀nyí nínú ohun èlò náà
Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Monetary Policy and Economic Outcomes
Contrast expansionary monetary policy and contractionary monetary policy
"Principles of Economics 2e: Monetary Policy and Economic Outcomes" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/principles-economics-2e/pages/28-4-monetary-policy-and-economic-outcomes. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/principles-economics-2e/pages/1-introduction
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Shifts in Aggregate Demand
Explain how imports influence aggregate demand
"Principles of Economics 2e: Shifts in Aggregate Demand" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/principles-economics-2e/pages/24-4-shifts-in-aggregate-demand. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/principles-economics-2e/pages/1-introduction
Àwọn àjọ mìíràn ló tẹ̀ wọ́n jáde lábẹ́ ìwé àṣẹ ṣíṣí, a sì dá wọn lọ́lá bí wọ́n ṣe béèrè. Àwọn ìjápọ̀ ń ṣí ojú òpó wọn.
Ṣe Adaṣe Awọn Ibeere Idanwo Adaṣe
Ṣe o fẹ ṣe adaṣe awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe nipa Government Policies? Ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo Green Bridge CBT lati wọle si awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe ati awọn ayẹwo adaṣe kikun fun koko-ọrọ yii.
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