Introduction
Akopọ
Carbon is unique among the elements. It can form four strong covalent bonds and chain itself into molecules of almost unlimited size and variety, from the methane in natural gas to the DNA in your cells. Organic chemistry is the study of these carbon-based compounds, and it underpins pharmaceuticals, plastics, fuels, and food science.
In this lesson you will learn what defines a hydrocarbon, how to represent organic molecules using different types of formulae, what homologous series, functional groups and isomerism mean, and how to name compounds using IUPAC rules. These foundations are essential for every organic topic that follows in the Edexcel specification.
Awọn Afojusun
- know that a hydrocarbon is a compound of hydrogen and carbon only
- understand how to represent organic molecules using empirical formulae, molecular formulae, general formulae, structural formulae and displayed formulae
- know what is meant by the terms homologous series, functional group and isomerism
- understand how to name compounds relevant to this specification using the rules of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature students will be expected to name compounds containing up to six carbon atoms
- understand how to write the possible structural and displayed formulae of an organic molecule given its molecular formula
- understand how to classify reactions of organic compounds as substitution, addition and combustion knowledge of reaction mechanisms is not required
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Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Introduction. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains: A) Carbon and oxygen only B) Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen C) Carbon and hydrogen only D) Hydrogen and oxygen only Answer: C
- The general formula for alkenes is: A) CnH2n+2 B) CnH2n C) CnH2n-2 D) CnH2n+1OH Answer: B
- Two compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called: A) Isotopes B) Isomers C) Allotropes D) Polymers Answer: B
- An addition reaction involves: A) Replacing one atom with another B) Two molecules combining to form one with no other products C) A substance reacting with oxygen D) A large molecule breaking into smaller ones Answer: B
- The functional group in carboxylic acids is: A) -OH B) C=C C) -COOH D) -COO- Answer: C
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Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Hydrocarbons
Explain the importance of hydrocarbons and the reason for their diversity
"Chemistry: Hydrocarbons" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/20-1-hydrocarbons. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Chemical Formulas
Symbolize the composition of molecules using molecular formulas and empirical formulas
"Chemistry: Chemical Formulas" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/2-4-chemical-formulas. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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Ṣe Adaṣe Awọn Ibeere Idanwo Adaṣe
Ṣe o fẹ ṣe adaṣe awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe nipa Introduction? Ṣe igbasilẹ ohun elo Green Bridge CBT lati wọle si awọn ibeere idanwo adaṣe ati awọn ayẹwo adaṣe kikun fun koko-ọrọ yii.
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