Biological Molecules
Akopọ
Every living thing is built from a small set of molecules: carbohydrates, fats and proteins, plus the information molecule DNA. The clever part is that giant molecules are assembled from simple repeating units, like words built from a few letters, which gives living tissue its huge variety from just a handful of building blocks.
In this lesson you will learn which elements make up each food group, the small units they are built from, and the chemical tests that reveal starch, sugars, proteins, fats and vitamin C. At Extended level you will also meet the double-helix structure of DNA and its base-pairing rule.
Awọn Afojusun
- List the chemical elements that make up: carbohydrates, fats and proteins
- State that large molecules are made from smaller molecules, limited to: (a) starch, glycogen and cellulose from glucose (b) proteins from amino acids (c) fats and oils from fatty acids and glycerol
- Describe the use of: (a) iodine solution test for starch (b) Benedict’s solution test for reducing sugars (c) biuret test for proteins (d) ethanol emulsion test for fats and oils (e) DCPIP test for vitamin C
- [Supplement] Describe the structure of a DNA molecule: (a) two strands coiled together to form a double helix (b) each strand contains chemicals called bases (c) bonds between pairs of bases hold the strands together (d) the bases always pair up in the same way: A with T, and C with G (full names are not required)
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Ìdánwò Ẹ̀kọ́
Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Biological Molecules. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
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- Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Which further element is always present in proteins as well? A. nitrogen B. phosphorus C. calcium D. chlorine Answer: A
- The reagent used to test for starch is: A. Benedict's solution B. iodine solution C. biuret reagent D. DCPIP Answer: B
- A positive Benedict's test (after heating) gives a final colour of: A. blue B. purple C. brick-red/orange D. green only Answer: C
- Proteins are built from sub-units called: A. glucose B. amino acids C. fatty acids D. glycerol Answer: B
- In a DNA molecule, adenine on one strand always forms a base pair with which base on the opposite strand? A. cytosine B. guanine C. thymine D. uracil Answer: C
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Awọn Iwe Itọsọna Ti a Gba Nimọran
Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Carbohydrates
Discuss the role of carbohydrates in cells and in the extracellular materials of animals and plants
"Biology: Carbohydrates" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/3-2-carbohydrates. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Abala ìwé ẹ̀kọ́
Nucleic Acids
Describe the structure of nucleic acids and define the two types of nucleic acids
"Biology: Nucleic Acids" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/3-5-nucleic-acids. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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