Preparation Of Salts
Akopọ
Salts are everywhere in chemistry, from the fertilisers that feed crops to the blue copper sulfate crystals grown in class. Making a pure, dry sample of a salt is a genuine craft, and the method you choose hangs on one question: is the salt you want soluble or insoluble? Get that right and the whole preparation falls into place.
In this lesson you will learn the standard routes to soluble salts, using an acid with an alkali, a metal, an insoluble base or a carbonate, and how precipitation makes insoluble salts. You will use the solubility rules to predict the right method, and learn what hydrated, anhydrous and water of crystallisation mean.
Awọn Afojusun
- Describe the preparation, separation and purification of soluble salts by reaction of an acid with: (a) an alkali by titration (b) excess metal (c) excess insoluble base (d) excess insoluble carbonate.
- Describe the general solubility rules for salts: (a) s odium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble (b) nitrates are soluble (c) chlorides are soluble, except lead and silver (d) sulfates are soluble, except barium, calcium and lead (e) carbonates are insoluble, except sodium, potassium and ammonium (f) hydroxides are insoluble, except sodium, potassium, ammonium and calcium (partially).
- Define a hydrated substance as a substance that is chemically combined with water and an anhydrous substance as a substance containing no water.
- [Supplement] Describe the preparation of insoluble salts by precipitation.
- [Supplement] Define the term water of crystallisation as the water molecules present in hydrated crystals, including CuSO •5H O and CoCl •6H O 4 2 2 2.
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Oriire fun ipari ẹkọ lori Preparation Of Salts. Ni bayi ti o ti ṣawari naa awọn imọran bọtini ati awọn imọran, o to akoko lati fi imọ rẹ si idanwo. Ẹka yii nfunni ni ọpọlọpọ awọn adaṣe awọn ibeere ti a ṣe lati fun oye rẹ lokun ati ṣe iranlọwọ fun ọ lati ṣe iwọn oye ohun elo naa.
Iwọ yoo pade adalu awọn iru ibeere, pẹlu awọn ibeere olumulo pupọ, awọn ibeere idahun kukuru, ati awọn ibeere iwe kikọ. Gbogbo ibeere kọọkan ni a ṣe pẹlu iṣaro lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn ẹya oriṣiriṣi ti imọ rẹ ati awọn ogbon ironu pataki.
Lo ise abala yii gege bi anfaani lati mu oye re lori koko-ọrọ naa lagbara ati lati ṣe idanimọ eyikeyi agbegbe ti o le nilo afikun ikẹkọ. Maṣe jẹ ki awọn italaya eyikeyi ti o ba pade da ọ lójú; dipo, wo wọn gẹgẹ bi awọn anfaani fun idagbasoke ati ilọsiwaju.
- How is a soluble salt made from an acid and an alkali? A. precipitation B. titration C. adding excess metal D. electrolysis Answer: B
- Which method is used to prepare an insoluble salt? A. titration B. adding excess carbonate C. precipitation D. distillation Answer: C
- According to the solubility rules, which chloride is insoluble? A. sodium chloride B. potassium chloride C. silver chloride D. ammonium chloride Answer: C
- Which sulfate is insoluble? A. sodium sulfate B. barium sulfate C. potassium sulfate D. ammonium sulfate Answer: B
- What term describes a substance containing no water of crystallisation? A. hydrated B. anhydrous C. aqueous D. saturated Answer: B
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Ẹ̀kọ́ síwájú láti àwọn orísun ṣíṣí
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Classifying Chemical Reactions
Define three common types of chemical reactions (precipitation, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction)
"Chemistry: Classifying Chemical Reactions" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/4-2-classifying-chemical-reactions. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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