WAEC SSCE - Data Processing - 2019 (Essay and Test of Practical Work)

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This question tests teleconferencing, ATM uses, the modem and transmission means.

(a) Teleconferencing. Teleconferencing is the use of telecommunication and computer technology to hold a meeting or conversation between two or more people in different locations at the same time, using audio and/or video links so they can see and/or hear one another.

(b) Four uses of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM).

• Withdrawing cash.
• Checking account balance.
• Transferring funds between accounts.
• Paying bills / buying airtime (also PIN change and mini statement).

(c)(i) Function of a modem. A modem (modulator-demodulator) converts the computer's digital signals into analog signals for transmission over a communication line (modulation) and converts incoming analog signals back into digital form (demodulation), so that computers can communicate over telephone or similar lines.

(c)(ii) Two means of transmitting information. Through guided/wired media such as cable (twisted-pair, coaxial or fibre-optic) and through unguided/wireless media such as radio waves, microwaves or satellite.

Examination reminder: remember the modem does two opposite jobs - modulation (digital to analog) when sending and demodulation (analog to digital) when receiving.

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This question tests the application of ICT in different professions. For each friend, state two realistic ICT applications in that specific job.

• Hamza (pilot): uses ICT for computerised flight-navigation and autopilot systems, and for flight simulators used in training; also for radio/radar communication with air-traffic control.
• Emeka (businessman): uses ICT for e-commerce (online buying and selling) and for keeping accounts and records with spreadsheets and databases; also for e-mail and online marketing.
• Funsho (banker): uses ICT for electronic banking such as ATMs and online transfers, and for maintaining customer accounts on a database; also for processing transactions securely.
• Fejiro (manufacturer): uses ICT for computer-controlled/automated production machinery (CAM and robotics) and for computer-aided design (CAD) of products; also for inventory and production control.
• Idongesit (teacher): uses ICT for e-learning and preparing lessons/presentations, and for computer-based setting, marking and record-keeping of results; also for online research.

Examination reminder: tie each ICT use to the actual duties of the profession named; a general answer such as "sends email" earns less than a job-specific one such as "a pilot uses computerised navigation systems".

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This question tests core database-modelling terms and cardinality.

(a) Database-management terms.

• (i) Entity: a real-world object, person, place, event or concept about which data is stored in a database (for example a Student, a Book or a Customer). Each entity becomes a table.
• (ii) Attribute: a property or characteristic that describes an entity (for example a Student's name, registration number or date of birth). Attributes form the columns/fields of the table.
• (iii) Relationship: a meaningful association or link between two or more entities (for example a Student "borrows" a Book), showing how their records are connected.

(b)(i) Cardinality. Cardinality describes the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with instances of another entity in a relationship, that is the degree of the relationship between two tables.

(b)(ii) Three cardinality relationships.

• One-to-one (1:1): one record in the first entity relates to exactly one record in the second.
• One-to-many (1:M): one record in the first entity relates to many records in the second.
• Many-to-many (M:N): many records in the first entity relate to many records in the second.

Examination reminder: keep the three terms in order - an entity is the thing, an attribute describes it, and a relationship links entities; cardinality then counts how many on each side (1:1, 1:M, M:N).

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This scenario tests the reasons for networking computers and the devices needed to build a network.

(a) Four reasons that motivated connecting the computers.

• To share hardware resources such as printers and scanners among many users.
• To share files and data easily between the computers.
• To enable communication (for example messaging and email) between users.
• To allow centralised management, security and backup, and to share a single Internet connection (also reducing cost).

(b) Four network devices required. A switch (or hub), a router, a network interface card (NIC), and transmission cable such as UTP with connectors (a modem or wireless access point is also acceptable).

(c) One function each of any two of the devices.

• Switch: connects computers within the network and forwards data only to the specific computer it is addressed to.
• Router: connects the network to another network (such as the Internet) and directs data along the best path between networks.
• (NIC: gives a computer its network address and provides the physical connection to the network.)

Examination reminder: distinguish the two connecting devices - a switch links computers within one network, while a router links different networks together.

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This practical question tests recognition of computer-system parts from two figures and CorelDraw operations. The parts labelled X, Y, Z (Fig 1) and P, Q, R, S, T (Fig 2) depend on the figures in your paper, so name them against the labels shown; the CorelDraw steps below are complete.

(a) Fig 1. Identify the labelled part Y and describe the technology and function of the other labels from the diagram (a common set-up shows a monitor, whose display technology is LCD/LED, and a system unit). Typical answers: the technology of a flat-screen monitor is LCD/LED; a maintenance practice for a screen is to clean it gently with a soft, dry (or slightly damp) lint-free cloth and keep it dust-free. Match each label to the exact part your figure points to.

(b) Fig 2 (functions of labelled parts). For each of P, Q, R, S and T, state the function of whatever component the label points to. Common components and their functions: monitor - displays output; keyboard - enters text/commands; mouse - points and selects; system unit - houses the processor and does the processing; printer - produces hard-copy output. Assign these to the labels as shown in your figure.

(c) CorelDraw tasks.

• (i) Insert a circular shape: select the Ellipse tool from the toolbox, hold down the Ctrl key and drag on the page to draw a perfect circle.
• (ii) Add the caption "Happy Birthday" around the circle: select the Text tool, click on the edge/path of the circle so the text snaps to it (fit text to path), then type Happy Birthday so the words follow the curve.
• (iii) Change the caption colour to green: select the text, then left-click the green swatch on the colour palette (or open the fill colour and choose green).

Examination reminder: in CorelDraw, holding Ctrl while dragging the Ellipse tool constrains it to a perfect circle, and clicking the Text tool on a shape's outline lets text follow the path.

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6(a) Excel worksheet

The completed data, including the percentage required for the chart, is:

ITEM	QUANTITY	PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
TEXTBOOK	12	28.57%
BIRO	5	11.90%
EXERCISE BOOK	18	42.86%
PENCIL	3	7.14%
CALCULATOR	2	4.76%
ERASER	2	4.76%
TOTAL	42	100%

(i) Bar chart produced from the worksheet data

Steps:

1. Enter the headings ITEM and QUANTITY and the given values in the worksheet.
2. In cell C1, type PERCENTAGE. In C2, enter =B2/SUM($B$2:$B$7), copy the formula down to C7, and format the cells as Percentage with two decimal places.
3. Select the item names and quantities, including their headings, for example A1:B7.
4. Click Insert on the Ribbon, select Bar Chart, and choose a 2-D clustered bar chart.
5. Use the item names as the category labels. Add the chart title Quantity of Items Needed by a Student.
6. Right-click a bar and select Add Data Labels. Open Format Data Labels, select Value From Cells, select C2:C7, and clear Value. The percentage for each item is then displayed on its bar.

(ii) Adding to the table

A. New column:

1. Click the column letter immediately to the right of the position where the new column is required.
2. Right-click and choose Insert, or select Home > Insert > Insert Sheet Columns.
3. Type the heading and enter the required data in the inserted column.

B. New row:

1. Click the row number immediately below the position where the new row is required.
2. Right-click and choose Insert, or select Home > Insert > Insert Sheet Rows.
3. Enter the new item and its quantity in the blank row.

(iii) The function is MAX. For example, =MAX(B2:B7) returns 18, the highest quantity.

6(b) Adding an Art page border in MS Word

1. Open the document and click the Design tab. In older versions of Word, click Page Layout.
2. In the Page Background group, click Page Borders.
3. Click the Page Border tab in the Borders and Shading dialogue box.
4. Select Box under Setting.
5. Open the Art list and select the required artistic border design.
6. Choose the required width and select the pages to which the border should apply.
7. Click OK.

6(c) Linking “WAEC Exam” to the WAEC website

1. Highlight the phrase WAEC Exam.
2. Click the Insert tab and select Link or Hyperlink. Alternatively, press Ctrl + K.
3. Select Existing File or Web Page.
4. Type http://www.waec.org.ng in the Address box.
5. Click OK. The phrase becomes a hyperlink to the WAEC website.