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Ibeere 1 Ìròyìn
"Sun karanta littafi." Wace kalma ce abin aiki (object)?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A cikin nahawun Hausa, "abin aiki" (object) shi ne kalmar da ke karɓar aikin fi'ili - wato abin da aka yi wa wani abu. A jumlar "Sun karanta littafi," akwai abubuwa uku:
Littafi (book) ita ce amsar da ta dace domin ita ce kalmar da ke karɓar aikin fi'ilin "karanta." Tambayar "me suka karanta?" amsar ita ce "littafi" - wannan ya tabbatar da cewa littafi shi ne abin aikin jumlar.
"Sun" batun jumla ne (subject), ba abin aiki ba. "Karanta" fi'ili ne (verb), ba abin aiki ba. "Sun karanta" haɗin batun jumla da fi'ili ne, ba abin aiki ba.
Ibeere 2 Ìròyìn
Su_______zuwa kasuwa." Wace kalma ta dace?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A nahawun Hausa, akwai alamomi daban-daban da ake sanyawa tsakanin wakilin suna da fi'ili don nuna siga (tense/aspect). Ga wakilin suna "su" (they/3rd person plural):
Jimlar "Su_______zuwa kasuwa" tana nuna aiki na al'ada - wato abu ne da ake yi a kullum ko a kai a kai. Alamar al'ada (habitual aspect marker) a Hausa ita ce "kan".
"Sukan zuwa kasuwa" = "They usually go to the market" - tana nuna aikin da aka saba yi.
A jarrabawa, ka tuna cewa "kan" ita ce alamar da ke nuna abin da ake yi a al'ada ko a kullum.
Ibeere 3 Ìròyìn
'Mai doki ya yi dokin barawo" yana nufin me?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Karin maganar "Mai doki ya yi dokin barawo" tana nufin mutum ya taimaki wani cikin aikin da bai sani ba cewa mugun aiki ne. Kalmar "mai doki" tana nuna mutumin da ke da doki nasa, amma ya yi amfani da dokinsa don gudanar da aikin barawo - wato ya zama abin hawa ga barawo ba tare da ya sani ba.
A cikin al'adar Hausa, wannan karin magana tana koyarwa cewa wani lokaci mutum kan shiga cikin taimakon abin da bai kamata ba ba tare da ya san ainihin abin da ke faruwa ba. Misali, idan ka ba wani aron motarka kuma ya je ya yi sata da ita, kai ne "mai doki da ya yi dokin barawo" - ka taimaka ba tare da sanin manufar ba.
Saboda haka, ma'anar wannan karin magana ita ce taimakawa ba tare da sani ba - wato taimakawa a cikin rashin sani ko rashin niyya.
Ibeere 4 Ìròyìn
"Mu_____cin abinci."
Awọn alaye Idahun
A nahawun Hausa, kowane wakilin suna (pronoun) yana da alamar ci gaba (continuous/progressive marker) da ake sanyawa tsakanin wakilin suna da fi'ili (verb). Ga wakilin suna "mu" (mu = we/namu), alamar ci gaba ita ce na.
Misalai na alamomin ci gaba:
Saboda haka, jimlar da aka cika ta zama: "Muna cin abinci" - ma'ana "Muna cin abinci" (We are eating food). Kalmar "na" ita ce alamar ci gaba da ta dace da wakilin suna "mu" a cikin siga mai ci gaba (continuous tense).
Ibeere 5 Ìròyìn
Wace kalma ce ke nuna lokaci a jumlar nan: *Zan tafi gobe *?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A jumlar "Zan tafi gobe," tambayar tana neman kalmar da ke nuna lokaci - wato kalmar da ke gaya mana yaushe aikin zai faru.
Bari mu dubi kowane zabubi:
Kalmar gobe ita ce kalmar da ke nuna lokaci a wannan jumla, domin tana nuna takamaiman lokacin da aikin tafiya zai faru.
Ibeere 6 Ìròyìn
Wanne salo ne ya fi yawa a cikin wakokin Hausa?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Wakokin Hausa suna amfani da salailai (literary devices/techniques) daban-daban don kara wa wakar dadi da tasiri. Daga cikin manyan salailai akwai:
Salon da ya fi yawa a cikin wakokin Hausa shi ne maimaitawa. Maimaitawa ita ce ginshikin wakokin Hausa na gargajiya da na zamani. Mawaka kan maimaita amshi (chorus/refrain), jimloli, ko kalmomi don:
Wannan shi ya sa maimaitawa ita ce salon da ya fi shahara kuma ya fi yawa a cikin wakokin Hausa.
Ibeere 7 Ìròyìn
A jimla "Mu tafi gida", wace kalma ce take nuna mai aiwatar da aiki?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A cikin nahawun Hausa, "mai aiwatar da aiki" shi ne batun jumla (subject) - wato wanda ke aikata abin da fi'ili (verb) ke faɗa. A jumlar "Mu tafi gida," akwai abubuwa uku:
Mu ita ce amsar da ta dace domin ita ce kalmar da ke nuna mai aiwatar da aikin - wato wanda ke tafiya. Ko da yake jumlar na iya zama umarni (imperative) ko roƙo, "Mu" har yanzu ita ce kalmar da ke gano wanda za ya yi aikin tafiya.
"Tafi" fi'ili ne (verb), ba mai aiwatarwa ba. "Gida" karin bayani ne na wuri. "Ba wata" ba ta cikin wannan jumla ko kaɗan.
Ibeere 8 Ìròyìn
"Ina da kudi amma_______ba su da komai."
Awọn alaye Idahun
A nahawun Hausa, wakilai suna (pronouns) masu zaman kansu (independent/emphatic pronouns) ana amfani da su don karfafa ko nuna bambanci tsakanin mutane a cikin jimla. A cikin jimlar "Ina da kudi amma_______ba su da komai":
Domin bangaren na biyu yana amfani da "ba su da," wakilin suna mai zaman kansa da ya dace shi ma "su" ne. A cikin Hausa, idan kana son karfafa wanda kake magana a kansa kafin aikatau (verb), kana amfani da wakilin suna mai zaman kansa:
"Ina da kudi amma su ba su da komai" = "I have money but they (on their part) don't have anything."
Wakilin suna "su" (they) shi ya dace domin ya yi daidai da "ba su da" a bangaren karshe na jimlar.
Ibeere 9 Ìròyìn
Menene manufar tatsuniya a al'adar Hausawa?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Tatsuniya wani muhimmin bangare ne na al'adar Hausawa. Tana da manufofi da yawa, amma babbar manufarta ita ce koyar da dabi'a - wato tarbiyyar yara da koya musu kyawawan halaye, gaskiya, biyayya, da haƙuri.
Ko da yake tatsuniya tana da nishaɗi a cikinta, ba nishaɗi kaɗai ba ne manufarta. Tatsuniya tana amfani da labari mai daɗi don jan hankalin masu sauraro, musamman yara, sannan ta koya musu darasi game da rayuwa da ɗabi'a. Misali, tatsuniyar da ke nuna yadda maƙaryaci ya sha wahala a ƙarshe tana koyar da muhimmancin gaskiya.
Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan ba su dace ba kwata-kwata: ƙarfafa ƙarya da koya lalaci duk abubuwa ne marasa kyau waɗanda tatsuniya take ƙoƙarin yaƙi, ba ƙarfafawa ba.
Ibeere 10 Ìròyìn
Ma'anar kalmar gajiya ita ce -
Awọn alaye Idahun
Kalmar "gajiya" a cikin harshen Hausa tana nufin yanayin jiki ko tunani na rashin karfin ci gaba da aiki bayan dogon lokaci na kokari ko wahala. Idan mutum ya yi aiki sosai kuma jikinsa ya gaji, ana cewa ya ji gajiya.
Bari mu duba zabin ma'anonin:
Ma'anar kalmar gajiya ita ce natsuwa - yanayin rashin karfi da ji na gajiyawa bayan aiki ko wahala.
Ibeere 11 Ìròyìn
Wane bangare na harshe ne kalmar *dadi *?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A nahawun Hausa, ana rarraba kalmomi zuwa bangarori daban-daban kamar suna (noun), fi'ili/aiki (verb), sifa (adjective), da kari (adverb). Tambayar tana neman bangaren harshe da kalmar "dadi" ta shiga.
Kalmar "dadi" tana bayyana irin halin da abu ke ciki - tana nuna yanayin abu. Lokacin da muka ce "abinci mai dadi" ko "ruwa mai dadi," muna amfani da "dadi" ne don bayyana yadda abun yake - cewa yana da dadi. Wannan aikin bayyana halin abu shine aikin sifa (adjective).
Ga bambancin bangarorin harshe:
Ibeere 12 Ìròyìn
Wani tsarin waƙa ke nuna maimaitawa don jaddada magana?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A cikin salon waƙa na Hausa, akwai dabaru daban-daban da mawaƙa ke amfani da su don isar da saƙonsu. Tambayar tana neman salon waƙa da ke amfani da maimaitawa (repetition) don jaddada magana (emphasize a point).
Amsar ita ce salo na maimaitawa. Wannan salon waƙa ne inda mawaƙi yake maimaita kalma, jimla, ko layi don ƙarfafa saƙon da yake isar wa. Maimaitawa yana sa saƙon ya shiga zuciyar masu sauraro, kuma yana taimakawa wajen:
Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan sun bambanta: salo na boye magana (allegory/metaphor) yana amfani da misali don ɓoye ma'ana, ba maimaitawa ba; waƙar aure nau'in waƙa ne ba salon rubuta waƙa ba; gajeriyar waƙa kuma ta shafi tsawon waƙa ne, ba dabarar maimaitawa ba.
Ibeere 13 Ìròyìn
Wace ka'ida ce ke sa kalmomi su sauya fasali a cikin nahawun Hausa?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A nahawun Hausa, kalmomi na iya sauya fasali (form) dangane da yadda ake amfani da su a cikin jumla. Tambayar tana neman ka'idar da ke sa wannan sauyi ya faru.
Amsar ita ce ka'idar sarrafa kalmomi (morphology - the rules of word formation and modification). Wannan ka'ida ce ta nahawu da ke bayyana yadda ake:
Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan sun bambanta:
Ibeere 14 Ìròyìn
Me ake kira "Rubutun Ajami"?
Awọn alaye Idahun
"Rubutun Ajami" shi ne tsarin rubuta harshen Hausa da haruffan Larabci (Arabic script). Kalmar "Ajami" ta fito daga Larabci, ma'anarta ita ce "wanda ba Balarabe ba" ko "bako." A tarihi, lokacin da musulunci ya bazu zuwa kasar Hausa, malaman addini sun fara amfani da haruffan Larabci wajen rubuta harshen Hausa, musamman don rubuce-rubuce na addini, wasiƙu, da tarihi.
Rubutun Ajami ya sha bamban da rubutun Larabci na asali saboda an daidaita shi don ya iya rubuta sautukan da ke cikin harshen Hausa amma ba sa cikin Larabci. Misali, an ƙara wasu alamomi don sautuka irin su "ts," "sh," da sauransu. Wannan tsari na rubutu ya kasance a yaɗu tun kafin zuwan turawan mulkin mallaka da rubutun Boko (Latin script).
Saboda haka, Rubutun Larabci shine amsar da ta dace, domin Ajami a asali tsarin amfani da haruffan Larabci ne wajen rubuta harshen Hausa. Ba rubutun Faransanci ba, ba rubutun Yarbanci ba, kuma ba rubutun Turanci ba.
Ibeere 15 Ìròyìn
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Karanta wannan bangare na labari sosai kafin ka amsa tambayoyin daga 1 zuwa 5:
"A lokacin da Nasiru ya baro kauyen su zuwa birni domin neman ilimi, bai san cewa rayuwa za ta sauya masa ba. A kauye, Nasiru
ya saba da zaman lafiya da taimakon juna. Amma a birni, ya gamu da sabani iri-iri. A kwana na farko a makarantar kwana, aka
sace masa jakar tufafi. Wannan ya sa ya zauna cikin damuwa har ya kasa fita zuwa aji. Malam Isyaku, shugaban dalibai, ne ya
lura da halin da Nasiru ke ciki. Ya kira shi, ya ji labarinsa, sannan ya ba shi sabbin kaya da littattafai. Wannan kyakkyawan aiki
ya karfafa Nasiru har ya fara samun sabbin abokai. Bayan shekara uku, Nasiru ya kammala karatu cikin girmamawa, ya kuma
dawo kauyensu don ya kafa makaranta ta kansa."
Me ya sa Nasiru ya bar kauyensu?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Labarin ya bayyana a sarari dalilin da ya sa Nasiru ya bar kauyensu. A farkon labarin, an ce: "A lokacin da Nasiru ya baro kauyen su zuwa birni domin neman ilimi."
Wannan jimla ta nuna kai tsaye cewa Nasiru ya bar kauyensu ne domin neman ilimi - ya tafi birni ne don ya yi karatu a makaranta. Ba don neman kudi ba, ba don samun lafiya ba, kuma ba don ya je kasuwa ba.
Labarin ya kara tabbatar da wannan lokacin da ya ambaci cewa ya shiga makarantar kwana (boarding school), kuma a karshe ya kammala karatu cikin girmamawa. Duk wannan yana nuna cewa manufar tafiyarsa ita ce neman ilimi.
Ibeere 16 Ìròyìn
Wace kalma ce ke ɗauke da harafi mai ƙarfi (emphatic)?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A nahawun Hausa, haruffa masu ƙarfi (emphatic consonants) su ne waɗanda ake furta su da ƙarfin iska daga maƙogwaro ko ɓacin baki, daban da na al'ada. Haruffan Hausa masu ƙarfi sun haɗa da: ɓ (implosive b), ɗ (implosive d), ƙ (ejective k), da ts (ejective).
Bari mu bincika kowace kalma:
Don haka, Kofa (wato ƙofa) ita ce kalmar da ke ɗauke da harafi mai ƙarfi, saboda tana da harafin ƙ (ejective k).
Ibeere 17 Ìròyìn
Wane nau'in karin magana ne: *Gabas ta gabas, yamma bata hana ta *?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Karin magana "Gabas ta gabas, yamma ba ta hana ta" yana nufin kowane abu ya tsaya a matsayinsa - gabas (mafitar rana) ta bi hanyarta, yamma kuma ba ta hana ta ba. Wannan karin magana yana ba da shawara (nasiha) cewa kowane mutum ya bi hanyarsa, kowa ya kula da al'amuran kansa, kuma mutane su bar juna cikin lumana.
A ilmin nazarin adabin Hausa, ana rarraba karin magana bisa ga ainihin manufarsu:
Duk da cewa karin maganar nan ya yi amfani da kwatancin gabas da yamma, babban manufarsa shine ba da nasiha ga mutane su bar juna cikin zaman lafiya. Saboda haka, shi karin magana mai nasiha ne.
Ibeere 18 Ìròyìn
Menene aikin bako a adabin Hausa?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A adabin Hausa na baka (oral literature), "bako" wani muhimmin bangare ne na al'adar ba da labari da nishaɗantarwa. A cikin al'adar Hausa, tatsuniya da wasannin yara wasu hanyoyi ne na adabi waɗanda ake amfani da su don koyar da yara.
Aikin bako a adabin Hausa shi ne fadakar da yara cikin wasa. Wannan yana nufin cewa ta hanyar wasanni, tatsuniyoyi, da wasan kwaikwayo, ana koya wa yara darussa masu muhimmanci game da rayuwa, ɗabi'a, da al'ada. Ba kawai an koyar da su ta hanyar azabtarwa ko horo ba, sai dai ta hanyar nishaɗi da wasa - wanda hakan ya sa koyarwar ta fi tasiri da sauƙin fahimta.
Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan ba su dace ba:
Ibeere 19 Ìròyìn
Wace kalma ce ke da alaka da ilimi?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Wannan tambaya tana gwada fahimtar ɗalibi game da alaƙar kalmomi da ra'ayoyi. Kalmar ilimi tana nufin koyo, sani, da samun ilimi ta hanyar karatu da bincike.
Daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan da aka bayar:
Don haka, karatu ita ce kalma ɗaya tilo da ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da ilimi, domin karatu shi ne hanyar samun ilimi.
Ibeere 20 Ìròyìn
Wace jumla ce ke nuna aiki dadi ne?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Tambayar tana neman jumlar da ke nuna cewa aiki dadi ne - wato jumlar da ke bayyana jin dadin yin wani abu.
Bari mu dubi kowane zabubi:
Jumlar "Ina jin dadin karatu" ita kadai ce da ke dauke da kalmar "dadi" a cikinta, kuma tana nuna a fili cewa mai maganar yana samun nishadi daga aikin karatu. Wannan shine bambancin da ke tsakaninta da sauran jumlolin - sauran suna nuna aiki ne kawai ba tare da nuna ji ko motsin rai ba.
Ibeere 21 Ìròyìn
A wane hali ne ake amfani da karin magana: *Komai nisan jifa kasa zai sauka *?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Karin magana "Komai nisan jifa, kasa zai sauka" yana nufin komai yadda aka jefa abu sama ko nesa, dole ne zai sauko kasa a karshe. Ma'anar wannan ita ce: komai yadda mutum ya yi wani abu, ko ya gudu daga gaskiya, ko ya yi wani aiki na ban tsoro, a karshe sakamakon zai zo. Babu abin da zai dawwama har abada ba tare da sakamakonsa ba.
Ana amfani da wannan karin magana a lokacin gargadi. Ana fadin shi ne lokacin da ake so a gargadi mutum cewa duk abin da yake yi, ko rashin adalci ko munafunci ko wani mummunan aiki, sakamakonsa zai same shi a karshe. Yana tunatar da mutum cewa komai nisan gudu, rana ta komo gida.
Sauran zabubbukan ba su dace ba:
Ibeere 22 Ìròyìn
Me yasa Amina ta ki komawa makaranta bayan hutu?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Wannan tambaya tana game da dalilin da ya sa Amina ta ƙi komawa makaranta bayan hutu. A cikin labarun da ke tattauna ƙalubalen ilimi a Nijeriya, ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsaloli da 'yan mata ke fuskanta shi ne rashin kuɗin makaranta.
Amsar ita ce saboda ba ta da kuɗin komawa. Wannan dalili ne da ya fi dacewa da gaskiyar yau da kullum a al'ummomin Hausawa da Nijeriya gaba ɗaya, inda talauci ke hana yara musamman 'yan mata ci gaba da karatunsu. Kuɗin da ake buƙata na makaranta ya haɗa da:
Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan ba su da ƙarfin hujja iri ɗaya: "tana da aiki a gida" ba ya zama babban dalili na barin makaranta gaba ɗaya; "ta yi fushi da malamai" ba dalili ne na yau da kullum ba; "ta samu sabon aiki" kuma ba ya dacewa da ɗalibar da ke ƙoƙarin komawa makaranta.
Ibeere 23 Ìròyìn
Kalmar *madalla* tana nufin:
Awọn alaye Idahun
Kalmar "madalla" a Hausa kalma ce da ake amfani da ita don yaba wa mutum ko nuna gamsuwa da aikin da ya yi. Tana nufin yabo - wato "ka yi kyau," "nagari," ko "ai ka yi aiki sosai."
Lokacin da ka ce wa mutum "madalla," kana yaba masa ne don wani abu mai kyau da ya yi. Misali: "Madalla, ka yi jarrabawa sosai" - wannan yabo ne ga nasarar da mutumin ya samu.
Bari mu dubi bambancin da ke tsakanin zabubbukan:
Ibeere 25 Ìròyìn
Read the passage and answer questions below.
"Akwai wani yaro mai suna Umar, wanda ke zaune a garin Funtua. Umar na da sha'awar karatu sosai, musamman kimiyya. Duk da
cewa iyayensa ba su da karfi, suna dagewa wajen tallafa masa domin cimma burinsa. Kullum yana zuwa makaranta da wuri, yana
kuma taimaka wa malamansa. Ranar wata gasa ta kimiyya, Umar ya lashe kyauta ta farko. Wannan ya sa aka yaba masa a
makarantar gaba daya."
Daga wane gari Umar ya fito?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Wannan tambaya mai sauƙi ce ta fahimtar karatu. A farkon nassin, an rubuta a sarari: "Akwai wani yaro mai suna Umar, wanda ke zaune a garin Funtua." Wannan jumla ta bayyana kai tsaye cewa Umar yana zaune a garin Funtua - wato daga garin Funtua ya fito.
Funtua ita ce amsar da ta dace. Funtua gari ne a jihar Katsina ta Nijeriya.
Gusau (babban birnin jihar Zamfara), Kano (babban birnin jihar Kano), da Katsina (babban birnin jihar Katsina) duk garuruwan Hausa ne, amma ba su da wata alaƙa da nassin wannan labari. A cikin tambayoyin fahimtar karatu, amsar dole ta fito daga abin da nassin ya faɗa kai tsaye.
Ibeere 26 Ìròyìn
Wane salo ne ke bayyana a jumlar nan: *Kamar yadda ruwan sama ke gangarowa, haka hawaye ke zubowa daga idonsa *?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Jumlar da aka bayar ita ce: "Kamar yadda ruwan sama ke gangarowa, haka hawaye ke zubowa daga idonsa." A cikin wannan jumla, an kwatanta yadda hawaye ke zubowa da yadda ruwan sama ke gangarowa - an ɗauki abu biyu daban-daban an nuna kamancin da ke tsakaninsu.
Wannan salo na adabi shi ake kira kwatanci (simile). Kwatanci shi ne inda ake kwatanta abu biyu daban-daban don nuna kamancin da ke tsakaninsu, ta amfani da kalmomin haɗi kamar "kamar," "kamar yadda...haka," ko "tamkar." A cikin wannan jumla, kalmomin "kamar yadda...haka" sun bayyana a sarari cewa ana yin kwatanci.
Banbancin kwatanci da sauran salailai:
Idan ka ga kalmomin "kamar," "kamar yadda," ko "tamkar" a cikin jumla, to salo ne na kwatanci.
Ibeere 27 Ìròyìn
Read the passage and answer questions below.
"Akwai wani yaro mai suna Umar, wanda ke zaune a garin Funtua. Umar na da sha'awar karatu sosai, musamman kimiyya. Duk da
cewa iyayensa ba su da karfi, suna dagewa wajen tallafa masa domin cimma burinsa. Kullum yana zuwa makaranta da wuri, yana
kuma taimaka wa malamansa. Ranar wata gasa ta kimiyya, Umar ya lashe kyauta ta farko. Wannan ya sa aka yaba masa a
makarantar gaba daya."
Wane hali Umar ke nuna a makaranta?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Tambayar tana neman sanin halin da Umar ke nunawa a makarantarsa. A cikin nassin, an rubuta: "Kullum yana zuwa makaranta da wuri, yana kuma taimaka wa malamansa." Wannan jumla ta nuna kai tsaye cewa Umar yana nuna halin taimako a makaranta - yana taimaka wa malaminsa a cikin ayyukan yau da kullum.
Taimako (helpfulness) ita ce amsar da ta dace. Nassin ya bayyana Umar a matsayin ɗalibi mai biyayya da taimako, wanda ke zuwa makaranta da wuri kuma ke ba da gudummawa ga malamansa.
"Girman kai" (pride/arrogance) ya saɓa wa hoton da nassin ya zana na Umar a matsayin ɗalibi mai tawali'u da himma. "Kasala" (laziness) ya saɓa wa bayyanar cewa yana zuwa makaranta da wuri kullum. "Tawaye" (rebellion/defiance) ba shi da wata alaƙa da halin Umar kamar yadda nassin ya bayyana shi - maimakon haka, yana nuna biyayya da himma.
Ibeere 28 Ìròyìn
Ma'anar bakake masu murya ita ce -
Awọn alaye Idahun
A cikin ilimin harshen Hausa (phonology), haruffa sun kasu kashi biyu: wasali (vowels) da baƙaƙe (consonants). Baƙaƙe kuma sun kasu gida biyu bisa ga ko suna da murya (voice) ko ba su da murya.
Baƙaƙe masu murya su ne haruffan da ake amfani da muryar makogwaro (vocal cords) wajen fitar da su. Lokacin da ake furta baƙar da ke da murya, igiyoyin murya (vocal cords) suna girgiza, kuma ana iya jin wannan girgizar idan ka sanya yatsa a kan makogwaro yayin magana. Misalai a Hausa sun haɗa da: b, d, g, z, m, n, r, l, w, y.
Saboda haka, haruffan da ke da sauti ita ce ma'anar da ta dace da "baƙaƙe masu murya." Kalmar "murya" da "sauti" suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi a wannan mahallin - duka biyun suna nufin girgizar igiyoyin murya.
"Haruffan da ba sa da sauti" tana nufin baƙaƙe marasa murya (voiceless consonants), kamar: f, s, k, t - akasin abin da ake tambaya. "Haruffan kowane lokaci" da "haruffan guda biyu a wuri ɗaya" ba su da alaƙa da ma'anar baƙaƙe masu murya.
Ibeere 29 Ìròyìn
Akasin tsoro shi ne
Awọn alaye Idahun
A cikin harshen Hausa, kalmar "akasin" tana nufin kishiyar ko sabanin wata kalma. Tambayar tana neman akasin (opposite/antonym) kalmar tsoro (fear).
Bari mu duba zabin:
Akasin tsoro shi ne jarumta (bravery/courage). Mutumin da ke da jarumta ba ya jin tsoro - yana da karfin hali na fuskantar hadari ba tare da ja da baya ba. Tsoro da jarumta suna aiki a matsayin kishiyoyi a cikin harshe da tunani.
Ibeere 30 Ìròyìn
Wane yanayi ne kalmar *karya* ke nuni da shi?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Tambayar tana neman sanin yanayin (category/field) da kalmar ƙarya ke nuni da shi. Ƙarya tana nufin faɗar abin da ba gaskiya ba da gangan.
Kalmar ƙarya tana cikin yanayin halayya (character/behavior). Ga dalilin:
Don haka, ƙarya tana cikin yanayin halayya domin ita hali ce ta mutum - wani irin ɗabi'a ko salon rayuwa da mutum ke nunawa.
Ibeere 31 Ìròyìn
"Kada ka yi magana." Wane irin jimla ce wannan?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A nahawun Hausa, jimloli suna kasu zuwa nau'o'i daban-daban dangane da aikin da suke yi:
Jimlar "Kada ka yi magana" tana nuna hani - wato ana hana mutum yin magana. Kalmar "kada" ita ce kalmar hani a Hausa, kuma hani nau'i ne na umarni (umarni na korewa). Duk jimlar da ke ba da umarni ko hani ana kiranta jimlar umarni.
A jarrabawa, ka tuna cewa "kada" a farkon jimla yana nuna jimlar umarni (hani), ba jimlar bayani ko tambaya ba.
Ibeere 32 Ìròyìn
Read the passage and answer questions below.
"Akwai wani yaro mai suna Umar, wanda ke zaune a garin Funtua. Umar na da sha'awar karatu sosai, musamman kimiyya. Duk da
cewa iyayensa ba su da karfi, suna dagewa wajen tallafa masa domin cimma burinsa. Kullum yana zuwa makaranta da wuri, yana
kuma taimaka wa malamansa. Ranar wata gasa ta kimiyya, Umar ya lashe kyauta ta farko. Wannan ya sa aka yaba masa a
makarantar gaba ɗaya."
Mene ne Umar ke sha'awa sosai?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Wannan tambaya ta fahimtar karatu ce. A cikin nassin da aka bayar, an rubuta a sarari cewa: "Umar na da sha'awar karatu sosai, musamman kimiyya." Wannan jumla tana nuna kai tsaye cewa abin da Umar ke sha'awa sosai shi ne kimiyya (science).
Saboda haka, Kimiyya ita ce amsar da ta dace. Nassi ya tabbatar da haka ta hanyoyi biyu: da farko, an faɗa a sarari cewa yana da sha'awar kimiyya musamman; na biyu, an bayyana cewa ya shiga gasar kimiyya kuma ya lashe kyauta ta farko, abin da ke ƙara tabbatar da sha'awarsa ga wannan fanni.
Kasuwanci (business), noma (farming), da kwallon ƙafa (football) ba a ambace su ko kaɗan a cikin nassin. Lokacin da ake amsa tambayoyin fahimtar karatu, dole ne a mayar da amsa ga abin da nassin ya faɗa kai tsaye, ba abin da ake zato ba.
Ibeere 33 Ìròyìn
Ma'anar karin magana 'Hannu daya baya daukar jinka' ita ce -
Awọn alaye Idahun
Karin maganar da aka bayar ita ce: "Hannu ɗaya baya ɗaukar jinka." Kalma-kalma, yana nufin hannu ɗaya ba zai iya ɗaga nauyin jinka (bundle of thatch/grass for roofing) ba.
Ma'anar wannan karin magana ita ce a taimaka wa juna. Jinka nauyi ne da mutum ɗaya ba zai iya ɗauka shi kaɗai ba - sai a haɗa hannu biyu ko fiye. Haka nan a rayuwa, akwai ayyuka da matsaloli da mutum ɗaya ba zai iya magance su shi kaɗai ba - sai an haɗa ƙarfi, an taimaka wa juna.
Karin maganar yana koyar da muhimmancin haɗin kai da taimakon juna (cooperation) a cikin al'umma. Ba wanda zai yi komai shi kaɗai; ana buƙatar juna don ci gaban al'umma.
Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan ba su da alaƙa da saƙon karin maganar: "a zauna lafiya" game da zaman lafiya ne; "a yi sauri" game da gaggawa; "a ci gaba da karatu" game da ilimi - babu ɗayansu da ya shafi taimakon juna.
Ibeere 34 Ìròyìn
Wane salo ne ya fi fitowa a cikin wakokin Aminu Ala?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Aminu Ala (cikakken sunansa Aminu Danbala Alaramma) shahararren mawaƙi ne na Hausa na zamani wanda ya yi fice a fagen waƙoƙin siyasa a Arewacin Nijeriya.
Salon da ya fi fitowa a cikin waƙoƙinsa shi ne salo na siyasa. Aminu Ala ya shahara ne saboda waƙoƙinsa na siyasa waɗanda suke:
Ko da yake waƙoƙinsa na iya ƙunsar wasu salailai kamar gargaɗi ko kwatanci, babban salon da ya keɓanta da shi kuma ya sa ya shahara shi ne salon siyasa. A cikin nazarin adabin Hausa na zamani, ana ɗaukar Aminu Ala a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawaƙan siyasa na Hausa.
Ibeere 35 Ìròyìn
"Gidan nan babba ne." Mene ne bayanin magana?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A nahawun Hausa, jimla tana da sassa biyu na asali:
A cikin jimlar "Gidan nan babba ne":
Tambayar ta nemi a gano bayanin magana. Bayanin magana shi ne "babba ne" (wanda aka rubuta a matsayin "Babbane" a cikin zabin). Shi ke gaya mana cewa gidan babba ne - yana ba da siffa ga taken magana.
Ibeere 36 Ìròyìn
Hausa tana cikin wace rukuni na harsuna?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Linguistics classifies the world's languages into families based on shared ancestry and structural features. Hausa belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language family, specifically to its Chadic branch. The Chadic languages are spoken predominantly in northern Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon, and Hausa is by far the most widely spoken among them, with over 80 million speakers across West and Central Africa.
The Afro-Asiatic family also includes Semitic languages (such as Arabic and Hebrew), Berber languages, Cushitic languages (such as Somali and Oromo), and ancient Egyptian. Hausa shares certain structural features with other Afro-Asiatic languages, including a system of grammatical gender, certain consonant patterns, and aspects of verb morphology.
Indo-European is the family that includes English, French, Hindi, and most European languages - Hausa has no connection to this group. Bantu is a sub-group of the Niger-Congo family and includes languages such as Swahili, Zulu, and Igbo's neighbours, but not Hausa. Niger-Congo is the largest African language family and includes Yoruba and Igbo, but Hausa specifically belongs to the Afro-Asiatic family, not Niger-Congo.
Ibeere 37 Ìròyìn
Wanne ne ya dace da "Yara sun ... "?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A nahawun Hausa, tsarin jimla a siga ta da ta wuce (past tense) shi ne: wakilin suna + alamar wucewa + fi'ili.
"Yara" suna ne na jam'i (children), kuma "sun" ita ce alamar siga ta da ta wuce (past tense marker) ga jam'i na uku (3rd person plural). Tsarin da ya dace shine:
Yara sun zo = "Yaran sun zo" = The children have come/came.
Bari mu duba sauran zabin:
Fi'ilin "zo" shi kadai ya isa ya cika jimlar yadda ya kamata: "Yara sun zo."
Ibeere 38 Ìròyìn
Me ake nufi da "zube" a cikin adabin Hausa?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A cikin adabin Hausa, akwai manyan siffofi uku na adabi: waka (poetry/verse), zube (prose), da wasan kwaikwayo (drama). "Zube" na nufin rubutu cikin yaren yau da kullum ba tare da waƙa ko amsa-amo (rhyme and rhythm) ba. Shi ne salon rubuta labari ko rubutu cikin jumla masu gudana kai tsaye, ba a daure shi da ƙa'idojin kari ko amsa-amo irin na waka ba.
Labari rubutacce (written story/narrative) shine mafi kusancin ma'anar "zube" a cikin zaɓuɓɓukan da aka bayar. "Zube" a zahiri yana nufin "zuba" ko "kwararowa," kuma a cikin nazarin adabi yana nuna salon rubutu da ke gudana cikin jumla na yau da kullum - wato rubutu na kowa, ba waka ba.
"Waka" (poetry) ya sha bamban da zube domin waka tana da kari, amsa-amo, da tsari na musamman. "Bako" yana nufin "stranger" ko "guest" a Hausa kuma ba nau'in adabi ba ne. "Wasan kwaikwayo" (drama) nau'i ne daban na adabi da ke nuna labari ta hanyar tattaunawa da ayyukan mutane a kan dandali.
Ibeere 39 Ìròyìn
"Ali ya sayi keke." Wace irin jimla ce wannan?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A nahawun Hausa, jimloli suna kasu zuwa nau'o'i dangane da tsarinsu:
"Ali ya sayi keke" jimla ce mai tsari mai sauki:
Tana da fi'ili guda daya, taken magana guda daya, kuma ba ta da rassa ko karamar jimla. Saboda haka, ita jimla mai sauki ce.
Ibeere 40 Ìròyìn
Wace irin waka ce ake rerawa a bukukuwan aure?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A al'adar Hausawa, bukukuwan aure suna da nau'ikan waƙoƙi daban-daban da ake rerawa don bikin. Tambayar tana neman sanin irin waƙar da ake rerawa a lokacin bukukuwan aure.
Amsar ita ce waƙar taya murna. A bukukuwan aure na Hausa, waƙoƙin taya murna (congratulatory songs) su ne waƙoƙin da ake rerawa don taya sabuwar ma'aurata murna, don yi musu fatan alheri, da nuna farin ciki da wannan sabon haɗin gwiwa.
Banbancin da sauran zaɓuɓɓuka:
Ṣe o fẹ tẹsiwaju pẹlu iṣe yii?