JAMB UTME - Geography - 2023
Ibeere 1 Ìròyìn
The largest ocean in the world is the
Awọn alaye Idahun
The largest ocean in the world is the Pacific Ocean. It covers the most extensive area compared to the other options listed. The Pacific Ocean stretches from the western coast of North and South America to the eastern coast of Asia and Australia. It is so vast that it is larger than the landmass of all the continents combined.
Its immense size is due to the tectonic plate boundaries that surround it. The Pacific Ocean is bordered by the Ring of Fire, a region that experiences frequent volcanic activity and earthquakes. This constant reshaping of the seafloor has allowed the Pacific Ocean to expand and dominate the Earth's surface.
With an area of approximately 63 million square miles, the Pacific Ocean is home to numerous islands, including Hawaii, Tahiti, and Fiji. It is also famous for its deep trenches, like the Mariana Trench, which is the deepest point in the world's oceans.
The Pacific Ocean plays a vital role in regulating the Earth's climate. It absorbs much of the sun's heat, helping to distribute warmth across the planet. This ocean is also crucial for global transportation and trade, serving as a major marine highway between the Americas, Asia, and Oceania.
In summary, the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world, encompassing a vast area and serving as a vital component of Earth's climate and global connectivity.
Its immense size is due to the tectonic plate boundaries that surround it. The Pacific Ocean is bordered by the Ring of Fire, a region that experiences frequent volcanic activity and earthquakes. This constant reshaping of the seafloor has allowed the Pacific Ocean to expand and dominate the Earth's surface.
With an area of approximately 63 million square miles, the Pacific Ocean is home to numerous islands, including Hawaii, Tahiti, and Fiji. It is also famous for its deep trenches, like the Mariana Trench, which is the deepest point in the world's oceans.
The Pacific Ocean plays a vital role in regulating the Earth's climate. It absorbs much of the sun's heat, helping to distribute warmth across the planet. This ocean is also crucial for global transportation and trade, serving as a major marine highway between the Americas, Asia, and Oceania.
In summary, the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world, encompassing a vast area and serving as a vital component of Earth's climate and global connectivity.
Ibeere 2 Ìròyìn
The table above shows the temperature and rainfall distribution of station Z. Study and use it to answer the question. Which month of the year has the highest temperature
Awọn alaye Idahun
To determine which month of the year has the highest temperature in station Z, we should analyze the data given in the table.
Looking at the table, we can see that the **temperature values** are given in the column labeled "Temperature (°C)". We need to find the month with the highest temperature value.
By examining the temperature values for each month, we can observe the following:
- In **April**, the temperature is 27°C - In **May**, the temperature is 30°C - In **June**, the temperature is 32°C - In **August**, the temperature is 29°C
From this information, we can clearly see that the month with the **highest temperature** in station Z is **June**, with a temperature of **32°C**.
Therefore, the answer to the question is that **June** is the month of the year with the highest temperature in station Z, as evidenced by the table.
Ibeere 3 Ìròyìn
Rocks are said to be crystalline when the atoms forming them are
Awọn alaye Idahun
Crystalline rocks are rocks that;
-do not contain fossils
-do not occur in layers i.e they are non-stratified
-do not contain fossils
-do not occur in layers i.e they are non-stratified
Ibeere 4 Ìròyìn
A settlement where two rivers meet is called a
Awọn alaye Idahun
A settlement where two rivers meet is called a confluence town. This term is used to describe a place where two rivers merge or come together. It is also known as a river confluence or simply a confluence.
In a confluence town, the two rivers join and flow as one. This merging of rivers creates a unique geographical feature and often leads to the formation of a settlement. The rivers may flow side by side before merging, or one river may flow into the other. The confluence point can be visible as a distinct meeting point or an area where the waters mix.
Confluence towns have been historically significant because they often provided essential resources and transportation routes. The availability of water from two rivers made these settlements ideal for various activities such as fishing, trade, and agriculture. The confluence also facilitated transportation and trade routes as it served as a natural meeting point for people traveling along the rivers.
These settlements tend to develop into vibrant communities, attracting people for their economic advantages and accessibility. Over time, confluence towns may grow and expand, becoming important centers of commerce, culture, and administration.
In summary, a settlement where two rivers meet is called a confluence town. It is a place where two rivers merge or come together, offering valuable resources and opportunities for economic and social development.
Ibeere 5 Ìròyìn
Which of the following is not a problem militating against political and economic integration in West Africa?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Political and economic integration can be hindered by powerful colonial ties, religion and political instability but currency should not be an obstacle because there should be an established exchange rate.
Ibeere 6 Ìròyìn
The instrument used to measure relative humidity is called
Awọn alaye Idahun
The instrument used to measure relative humidity is called a hygrometer.
A hygrometer is a device that helps us determine the amount of moisture or water vapor present in the air. It measures the relative humidity, which is the percentage of moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at a given temperature.
There are different types of hygrometers, but one common type is the "dry and wet bulb" hygrometer. It consists of two thermometers: one thermometer with a dry bulb and another with a wet bulb.
To measure relative humidity, the wet bulb thermometer is wrapped with a moistened cloth. As the moisture on the cloth evaporates, it causes the wet bulb temperature to decrease. The dry bulb thermometer remains unaffected.
By comparing the temperatures of the dry and wet bulbs, we can calculate the relative humidity using a formula. The difference between the two temperatures helps us understand how much moisture is in the air.
So, in summary, a hygrometer is used to measure relative humidity by comparing the temperatures of a dry bulb and a wet bulb thermometer. It helps us understand how much water vapor is present in the air.
A hygrometer is a device that helps us determine the amount of moisture or water vapor present in the air. It measures the relative humidity, which is the percentage of moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at a given temperature.
There are different types of hygrometers, but one common type is the "dry and wet bulb" hygrometer. It consists of two thermometers: one thermometer with a dry bulb and another with a wet bulb.
To measure relative humidity, the wet bulb thermometer is wrapped with a moistened cloth. As the moisture on the cloth evaporates, it causes the wet bulb temperature to decrease. The dry bulb thermometer remains unaffected.
By comparing the temperatures of the dry and wet bulbs, we can calculate the relative humidity using a formula. The difference between the two temperatures helps us understand how much moisture is in the air.
So, in summary, a hygrometer is used to measure relative humidity by comparing the temperatures of a dry bulb and a wet bulb thermometer. It helps us understand how much water vapor is present in the air.
Ibeere 7 Ìròyìn
In which erosional plain is an inselberg commonly found
Awọn alaye Idahun
Inselberg is formed from the existence of extensive old plateau
Ibeere 8 Ìròyìn
A line joining all points of equal salinity is an
Awọn alaye Idahun
A line joining all points of equal salinity is called an isohaline.
In simpler terms, an isohaline is a line that connects points in a body of water that have the same level of salinity or saltiness. It is similar to a contour line you might see on a map that connects points of equal elevation.
Salinity refers to the amount of salt dissolved in water. Different areas of the ocean, sea, or even a lake can have varying levels of salinity. An isohaline helps us visualize these varying levels by connecting the points with the same salinity.
By studying and mapping isohalines, scientists can gain valuable insights into the distribution and movement of saltwater in different bodies of water. This information is important for understanding ocean currents, marine life habitats, and even for managing freshwater resources.
To summarize, an isohaline is a line that connects points with the same salinity in a body of water. It helps us understand the distribution and movement of saltwater and is valuable in various scientific studies and resource management.
Ibeere 9 Ìròyìn
Africa has the largest potential reserve of hydro-electric power in the world because
Awọn alaye Idahun
It is of no doubt that Africa has the highest potential reserves of hydro-electric power because it is surrounded by large oceans.
Ibeere 10 Ìròyìn
Which of the following is not true of the North Atlantic sea route?
Awọn alaye Idahun
The North Atlantic sea route is the busiest sea route in the world. It links North America with Europe and Nigeria with Western Europe. Goods carried on this route do not include graius.
Ibeere 11 Ìròyìn
Exports from Mali are most likely to pass through the sea port at
Awọn alaye Idahun
Exports from Mali are most likely to pass through the sea port at Abidjan.
Abidjan is the largest and busiest port in West Africa, located in Cote d'Ivoire. It is strategically positioned along the Gulf of Guinea, making it an ideal gateway for trade in the region.
Mali is a landlocked country, which means it does not have direct access to the sea. Therefore, to transport their goods internationally, Mali relies heavily on neighboring countries' ports. Among the given options, Abidjan is the closest and most accessible port for Mali.
Abidjan offers excellent shipping facilities, infrastructure, and connections to major shipping lines. It has a well-developed road network that connects it to Mali and other landlocked Sahelian countries, making it a convenient and efficient route for transporting goods.
In summary, due to its proximity, connectivity, and efficiency, the sea port at Abidjan is the most likely entry point for Mali's exports.
Ibeere 12 Ìròyìn
The type of agriculture in which water is conserved in a year so that crops can be grown in succeeding years by ploughing, mulching or harrowing is known as
Awọn alaye Idahun
The type of agriculture described here is called dry farming.
Dry farming is a method of agriculture that focuses on conserving water in areas where water supply is limited. It is commonly used in regions with arid or semi-arid climates where rainfall is scarce and unreliable.
In dry farming, the goal is to maximize the use of available moisture in the soil and minimize water loss through evaporation. This is achieved through various practices such as ploughing, mulching, and harrowing.
Ploughing helps to break up the soil surface and create furrows or ridges, which helps to trap and retain moisture in the soil. This prevents excessive evaporation and allows the soil to hold water for a longer period of time.
Mulching involves covering the soil with a layer of organic materials such as straw, leaves, or crop residues. This helps to reduce evaporation by shading the soil surface and slows down moisture loss. Mulch also helps to improve soil structure, retain water, and suppress weed growth.
Harrowing is the process of loosening the top layer of soil after ploughing or planting. It helps to create a fine, crumbly soil structure that reduces water runoff and allows rain or irrigation water to penetrate deeper into the soil.
By practicing these techniques, dry farmers are able to conserve water and create favorable conditions for crop growth even in areas with limited rainfall. This allows them to sustain crop production in successive years without relying heavily on external sources of water.
In summary, dry farming is a method of agriculture that conserves water in arid or semi-arid regions by employing practices such as ploughing, mulching, and harrowing. These techniques help to retain moisture in the soil, reduce water loss, and enable crop production in successive years.
Dry farming is a method of agriculture that focuses on conserving water in areas where water supply is limited. It is commonly used in regions with arid or semi-arid climates where rainfall is scarce and unreliable.
In dry farming, the goal is to maximize the use of available moisture in the soil and minimize water loss through evaporation. This is achieved through various practices such as ploughing, mulching, and harrowing.
Ploughing helps to break up the soil surface and create furrows or ridges, which helps to trap and retain moisture in the soil. This prevents excessive evaporation and allows the soil to hold water for a longer period of time.
Mulching involves covering the soil with a layer of organic materials such as straw, leaves, or crop residues. This helps to reduce evaporation by shading the soil surface and slows down moisture loss. Mulch also helps to improve soil structure, retain water, and suppress weed growth.
Harrowing is the process of loosening the top layer of soil after ploughing or planting. It helps to create a fine, crumbly soil structure that reduces water runoff and allows rain or irrigation water to penetrate deeper into the soil.
By practicing these techniques, dry farmers are able to conserve water and create favorable conditions for crop growth even in areas with limited rainfall. This allows them to sustain crop production in successive years without relying heavily on external sources of water.
In summary, dry farming is a method of agriculture that conserves water in arid or semi-arid regions by employing practices such as ploughing, mulching, and harrowing. These techniques help to retain moisture in the soil, reduce water loss, and enable crop production in successive years.
Ibeere 13 Ìròyìn
Soil erosion by action of rain can be caused y all the following except
Awọn alaye Idahun
Aridity is a long term lack of rainfall or moisture. Soil erosion cannot take place in an srid area.
Ibeere 14 Ìròyìn
Water vapour is turned into water droplets by the process of
Awọn alaye Idahun
Water vapour is turned into water droplets by the process of **condensation**.
Condensation occurs when water vapor, which is in the gaseous state, comes into contact with a cool surface or cool air. When the temperature of the water vapor decreases, the water molecules slow down and move closer together. This causes the water vapor to transform into liquid water, forming water droplets.
To understand this process better, think of a glass of cold water on a warm day. As the warm air comes into contact with the cold surface of the glass, the water vapor in the air loses heat energy and condenses into water droplets on the outside of the glass. This is why you observe water droplets forming on the glass.
Similarly, when warm, moist air rises and comes into contact with cooler air in the atmosphere, or when it encounters cool surfaces such as windows, mirrors, or grass in the early morning, condensation occurs, and water droplets are formed.
In summary, condensation is the process where water vapor changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state by cooling down, resulting in the formation of water droplets.
Ibeere 15 Ìròyìn
Which of the following is a major boost of tourism?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A major boost of tourism is adequate publicity about natural scenery.
When there is adequate publicity about natural scenery, it creates awareness among tourists about the beauty and uniqueness of a particular destination. This can include stunning landscapes, national parks, wildlife reserves, breathtaking mountains, pristine beaches, or iconic landmarks.
Such publicity can be done through various means, including travel websites, social media platforms, travel documentaries, brochures, and advertisements. When potential visitors see and hear about the natural beauty of a place, it increases their desire to visit and explore it.
This publicity helps to attract tourists from different parts of the world who are eager to experience and appreciate the wonders of nature. Tourists are motivated to visit new places they have heard about and seen pictures of, and this results in a boost in tourism.
When tourists visit a destination, they contribute to the local economy by spending money on accommodation, food, transportation, souvenirs, and various activities. This spending stimulates economic growth and development in the area.
Furthermore, tourism also promotes cultural exchange and understanding between different regions and people. Visitors have the opportunity to learn about different cultures, traditions, and ways of life, while locals get to interact with and learn from tourists as well.
In summary, adequate publicity about natural scenery plays a major role in boosting tourism by attracting tourists and stimulating economic growth. It helps generate interest and curiosity among potential visitors, leading them to explore and appreciate the beauty of various destinations.
Ibeere 16 Ìròyìn
Which of the following is not a plantation crop?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Rye is not a plantation crop. Plantation crops are large-scale crops that are grown specifically for commercial purposes, often on plantations or large farms. These crops are usually labor-intensive and require specialized farming techniques.
Cocoa, oil palm, and rubber are all examples of plantation crops. Cocoa is the main ingredient in chocolate, oil palm produces palm oil used in various products, and rubber is used to make tires and other rubber products.
On the other hand, rye is a grain crop that is typically grown in small to medium-sized farms. It is used primarily for making bread, whiskey, and animal feed. Unlike plantation crops, rye does not require extensive labor or specialized farming techniques.
In summary, rye is not a plantation crop because it is grown on smaller farms and does not have the same commercial scale as crops like cocoa, oil palm, and rubber. These plantation crops have large-scale production and are used in various industries.
Ibeere 17 Ìròyìn
Which of the following is associated with savanna vegetation?
Awọn alaye Idahun
avannas represents the vast majority of the areas which are characterised by a layerof perenial herbaceous plants, such as sedges with varrying degree of scrubs
Ibeere 18 Ìròyìn
Which of the following has the highest salinity?
Awọn alaye Idahun
The Dead Sea has the highest salinity among the given options. Salinity refers to the amount of salt dissolved in water. In other words, it is a measure of the saltiness of the water.
The Dead Sea is located between Israel and Jordan, and it is actually not a sea but a saltwater lake. What makes the Dead Sea unique is its extremely high salt concentration. The water in the Dead Sea is about 10 times saltier than sea water.
There are several reasons why the Dead Sea has such high salinity. Firstly, it is located in a region with a very hot and dry climate, which means that water evaporates quickly. As the water evaporates, the salt gets left behind, increasing the overall concentration of salt in the lake.
Secondly, the Dead Sea is landlocked, which means it does not have an outlet or a flow of water that can dilute the salt concentration. Unlike the Mediterranean Sea or the Red Sea, which are connected to the global ocean system, the Dead Sea is a closed basin. As a result, the salt that enters the lake stays there and continues to accumulate over time.
Lastly, the Dead Sea region is known for its rich mineral deposits, including salts. These minerals get washed into the lake through rivers and streams, further contributing to the high salinity of the water.
In summary, the Dead Sea has the highest salinity among the given options due to its evaporation, lack of connection to the global ocean system, and the presence of mineral deposits. This high salinity creates a unique environment where floating becomes effortless and leads to the formation of salt crystals along the shores.
Ibeere 19 Ìròyìn
Which of the following rocks is produced by the solidification of magna within the earth crust
Awọn alaye Idahun
The rock that is produced by the solidification of magma within the Earth's crust is called **plutonic rock**. Plutonic rocks are also known as intrusive rocks.
Magma is molten rock that is found beneath the Earth's surface. When this magma cools down slowly, it solidifies and crystalizes within the Earth's crust, forming plutonic rocks. This slow cooling process allows for the formation of large mineral crystals within the rock.
One key characteristic of plutonic rocks is that they have a coarse grain texture. This means that the mineral crystals within the rock are visible to the naked eye. Examples of plutonic rocks include granite, diorite, and gabbro.
In contrast, **extrusive rocks** are formed from lava that cools quickly on the Earth's surface. When lava erupts from a volcano and cools rapidly, it forms extrusive rocks. These rocks, such as basalt and pumice, have a fine-grained texture because the fast cooling does not allow for the growth of large mineral crystals.
On the other hand, **sedimentary rocks** are formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments (such as sand, silt, and clay) that have been deposited by water, wind, or ice. Sedimentary rocks, like sandstone and limestone, often contain fossils and layers.
Lastly, **metamorphic rocks** are formed by the transformation of existing rocks due to high temperature and pressure deep within the Earth's crust. Examples of metamorphic rocks include marble and quartzite.
To summarize, plutonic rocks are produced by the slow solidification of magma within the Earth's crust, resulting in coarse-grained rocks with visible mineral crystals.
Ibeere 20 Ìròyìn
The land-use activities which can be considered responsible for soil erosion in the tropics are
Awọn alaye Idahun
Industrial activities such as production, construction etc, monoculture and lumbering are responsible for erosion in the tropics
Ibeere 21 Ìròyìn
The table above shows the temperature and rainfall distribution of station Z. Study and use it to answer the question.The wettest month of the year is
Awọn alaye Idahun
The wettest month of the year is determined by the month with the highest rainfall. From the table, the highest rainfall is 307mm, which occurs in August. Therefore, the wettest month of the year is August.
Ibeere 22 Ìròyìn
Which of the following is a wind deposited land form?
Awọn alaye Idahun
A wind-deposited landform refers to a geological feature that is created or shaped by the action of wind carrying and depositing sediments. In this context, out of the four options given, the one that is a wind-deposited landform is **loess**.
Loess is a specific type of sediment that is composed of fine particles of silt and clay that have been blown by wind over long distances and eventually deposited. It is typically pale yellow or light brown in color and has a very fine texture.
Loess deposits often form in regions with strong and consistent winds, such as dry deserts or the margins of glacial systems. These sediments accumulate over time, often in thick layers, creating distinct landforms.
One characteristic feature associated with loess is its ability to be easily eroded by wind and water. This erosion gives rise to unique landforms, such as **yardangs** and **deflation hollows**, which are also mentioned in the given options.
A yardang is a ridge of rock that has been carved and streamlined by wind erosion. The wind scours away the loose sediment, leaving behind elongated ridges that run parallel to the prevailing wind direction. Yardangs can vary in size from a few meters to several kilometers long.
A deflation hollow, on the other hand, is a depression in the landscape that forms when loose sediments are eroded away by wind, leaving behind a lowered area. These hollows can occur individually or in groups, and their size and shape depend on the intensity and duration of wind erosion.
While both yardangs and deflation hollows are features associated with wind erosion, they are not technically wind-deposited landforms since they are created by the removal of sediment rather than the deposition of sediment.
In summary, out of the options given, the wind-deposited landform is **loess**. It is a type of fine sediment made of silt and clay particles that are transported and deposited by the wind. Yardangs and deflation hollows, although associated with wind erosion, are not specifically wind-deposited landforms.
Ibeere 23 Ìròyìn
Great Britain and Germany are trading partners of west African countries from
Awọn alaye Idahun
Great Britain and Germany are trading partners of West African countries from Western Europe.
Western Europe refers to the region that is located in the western part of the European continent. It includes countries such as the United Kingdom (which includes Great Britain) and Germany.
Trading partners are countries that engage in the exchange of goods and services with each other. In this case, West African countries have established trading relationships with Great Britain and Germany.
This means that West African countries import goods and services from Great Britain and Germany, and they also export their own goods and services to these countries.
The trading partnership between West African countries and Great Britain and Germany is mutually beneficial. West African countries can access a wider range of products from Great Britain and Germany, providing opportunities for economic growth and development. On the other hand, Great Britain and Germany can access valuable resources and markets in West Africa.
Overall, the trading relationship between Great Britain, Germany, and West African countries helps to facilitate economic cooperation, promote regional development, and enhance international trade between these regions.
Ibeere 24 Ìròyìn
Crater lakes are usually associated with areas
Awọn alaye Idahun
A crater lake is usually considered as a dormant volcano. They tend to have a steep-sided conical form
Ibeere 25 Ìròyìn
A tremendous pressure or temperature change may lead to the formation of
Awọn alaye Idahun
Gnesis is a metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks which have been changed as a result of great heat and pressure
Ibeere 26 Ìròyìn
The broad-leafed evergreen and dense equatorial forest of the Amazon basin is called
Awọn alaye Idahun
The broad-leafed evergreen and dense equatorial forest of the Amazon basin is called selvas. Selvas is a term used to describe the lush, vibrant rainforest found in the Amazon.
These forests are characterized by their tall trees with large, broad leaves that can capture as much sunlight as possible. The leaves of these trees stay green all year round, giving the forest a constant appearance of being "evergreen."
The Amazon rainforest is also known for its incredible biodiversity, with a wide variety of plant and animal species living in this habitat. This is due to the constant warm and humid climate, as well as the diverse range of ecosystems within the region.
The dense and thick vegetation in the selvas plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of our planet. It serves as a carbon sink, absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen through photosynthesis. Additionally, the Amazon rainforest is often referred to as the "lungs of the Earth" because of its significant contribution to global oxygen production.
In conclusion, the broad-leafed evergreen and dense equatorial forest of the Amazon basin is known as selvas. It is a unique and important ecosystem with immense biodiversity and crucial ecological functions.
These forests are characterized by their tall trees with large, broad leaves that can capture as much sunlight as possible. The leaves of these trees stay green all year round, giving the forest a constant appearance of being "evergreen."
The Amazon rainforest is also known for its incredible biodiversity, with a wide variety of plant and animal species living in this habitat. This is due to the constant warm and humid climate, as well as the diverse range of ecosystems within the region.
The dense and thick vegetation in the selvas plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of our planet. It serves as a carbon sink, absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen through photosynthesis. Additionally, the Amazon rainforest is often referred to as the "lungs of the Earth" because of its significant contribution to global oxygen production.
In conclusion, the broad-leafed evergreen and dense equatorial forest of the Amazon basin is known as selvas. It is a unique and important ecosystem with immense biodiversity and crucial ecological functions.
Ibeere 27 Ìròyìn
Which of the following is not a process of chemical weathering?
Awọn alaye Idahun
Chemical weathering is a process in which the chemical composition of rocks and minerals is altered due to exposure to certain substances or environmental conditions. It plays a significant role in the breakdown and decomposition of rocks over time.
Out of the options given, **frost action** is not a process of chemical weathering. Frost action, also known as freeze-thaw weathering, refers to the physical breakdown of rocks caused by repeated freezing and thawing of water within the rock fractures. It is a type of physical weathering, not chemical.
Now let's briefly explain the other three options and how they relate to chemical weathering:
1. **Hydrolysis** is a chemical process in which water reacts with minerals in the rock, leading to their breakdown. Minerals such as feldspar and mica are commonly affected by hydrolysis. Water molecules interact with these minerals, causing them to break down into new minerals or dissolved ions. This process weakens the rock's structure and contributes to its gradual degradation.
2. **Oxidation** is another chemical process that occurs when certain minerals in rocks react with oxygen in the presence of water or air. This reaction causes the minerals to undergo a chemical change, resulting in the formation of new compounds. For example, when iron minerals in rocks come into contact with oxygen, they can oxidize and form iron oxide, more commonly known as rust. This process weakens the rock and makes it more susceptible to further weathering.
3. **Carbonation** is the chemical weathering process associated with the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water, forming carbonic acid. This acid reacts with minerals such as calcium carbonate (present in rocks like limestone and marble), leading to their dissolution. Carbonation is a common process in regions with a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or in areas where water with dissolved carbon dioxide comes into contact with rocks.
In conclusion, **frost action** is not a process of chemical weathering but rather a form of physical weathering. Hydrolysis, oxidation, and carbonation, on the other hand, are all examples of chemical weathering processes that contribute to the degradation and alteration of rocks over time.
Ibeere 28 Ìròyìn
Jos plateau is an example of a
Awọn alaye Idahun
Jos plateau is a Volcanic plateau . It possess volcanic features such as a dome, single vents and clusters of 3-4 cones aligned.
Ibeere 29 Ìròyìn
Which of the following stations is situated in a region of tropical monsoon climate?
Awọn alaye Idahun
**Bombay (Mumbai)** is situated in a region of tropical monsoon climate.
Tropical monsoon climate is characterized by high temperatures and heavy rainfall throughout the year, with distinctive wet and dry seasons. In this climate, the wet season is associated with the monsoon winds, which bring abundant rainfall. The dry season, on the other hand, is characterized by little to no rainfall.
Mumbai experiences this type of climate due to its location on the western coast of India. The Arabian Sea to the west and the Western Ghats mountain range to the east influence the city's climate. The monsoon winds blow from the southwest during the wet season (June to September), bringing intense rainfall to the region. Mumbai receives a significant amount of rainfall during this period, accounting for a large portion of its annual precipitation.
During the dry season (October to May), Mumbai experiences less rainfall, but the temperatures remain relatively high. The average temperature ranges from 25 to 35 degrees Celsius (77 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit) throughout the year.
In summary, Mumbai (Bombay) is situated in a region of tropical monsoon climate due to its location on the western coast of India, which experiences high temperatures and heavy rainfall during the wet season, and relatively lower rainfall during the dry season.
Ibeere 30 Ìròyìn
Plateaux formed together with fold mountains are best described as
Awọn alaye Idahun
Plateaux formed together with fold mountains are best described as "intermountain plateaus."
Intermountain plateaus are large, elevated flat lands that are found between different mountain ranges. These plateaus are typically formed when tectonic forces cause the Earth's crust to buckle and fold, creating fold mountains. As these mountains rise, the surrounding areas are also uplifted, resulting in the formation of plateaus.
Unlike regular plateaus, intermountain plateaus are not as deeply dissected by erosion. This means that they generally have a more even and flat topography compared to other types of plateaus. However, they still exhibit some degree of ruggedness due to the uplift and folding processes that occurred during their formation.
Overall, intermountain plateaus are important features of the Earth's landscape. They provide a transitional zone between mountainous regions and the lower-lying areas beyond, and they often serve as essential water catchment areas, playing a crucial role in supplying water to rivers and streams. Their relatively flat terrain also makes them suitable for human activities such as agriculture and transportation.
Ibeere 31 Ìròyìn
Exports from Mali are most likely to pass through the sea port at
Awọn alaye Idahun
Exports from Mali are most likely to pass through the sea port at Abidjan. Abidjan is the **largest port in West Africa** and is strategically located on the Gulf of Guinea. It has extensive infrastructure, including deep-water berths and modern cargo handling equipment, making it capable of handling large volumes of goods.
Mali is a landlocked country, meaning it does not have direct access to the sea. Therefore, to export its goods, Mali needs to rely on neighboring countries with access to the sea. Abidjan, located in Ivory Coast, is the **most convenient sea port for Mali**. It is relatively close in proximity to Mali and has well-developed road and rail connections, making it an ideal choice for transporting goods from Mali to the port.
Furthermore, Abidjan offers a wide range of services to facilitate trade, including customs clearance, storage facilities, and efficient cargo handling. It is also a hub for international shipping, with connections to various ports worldwide, enabling Mali to access global markets for its exports.
In summary, due to its geographical proximity, well-developed infrastructure, and convenient transportation links, exports from Mali are most likely to pass through the sea port at Abidjan.
Ibeere 32 Ìròyìn
The highest concentration of industries in Nigeria is found in the
Awọn alaye Idahun
The highest concentration of industries in Nigeria can be found in the Western zone. This region is also known as the Lagos-Ibadan Industrial Axis.
There are several reasons why the Western zone has the highest concentration of industries:
1. Proximity to Ports: The Western zone is close to major seaports, such as the Apapa Port in Lagos. This proximity allows for easier import and export of goods, reducing transportation costs for industries.
2. Infrastructure: The Western zone benefits from well-developed infrastructure, including good road networks, railways, and access to reliable power supply. These factors make it more conducive for industries to set up and operate efficiently.
3. Market Access: The Western zone has a large population, including the bustling city of Lagos, which provides a ready market for industries. The region serves as a major commercial hub, attracting businesses from various sectors.
4. Availability of Skilled Labor: The Western zone is home to several educational institutions, including universities and technical colleges. This abundance of institutions ensures a steady supply of skilled labor for industries in the region.
5. Government Support: The government has implemented policies and incentives to encourage industrial growth in the Western zone. These include tax incentives, subsidies, and initiatives such as the Lagos Free Trade Zone, which attracts both local and foreign investors.
In summary, the Western zone of Nigeria, specifically the Lagos-Ibadan industrial axis, has the highest concentration of industries due to its proximity to ports, well-developed infrastructure, access to market, availability of skilled labor, and government support. This region continues to attract businesses, driving economic growth and development in Nigeria.
There are several reasons why the Western zone has the highest concentration of industries:
1. Proximity to Ports: The Western zone is close to major seaports, such as the Apapa Port in Lagos. This proximity allows for easier import and export of goods, reducing transportation costs for industries.
2. Infrastructure: The Western zone benefits from well-developed infrastructure, including good road networks, railways, and access to reliable power supply. These factors make it more conducive for industries to set up and operate efficiently.
3. Market Access: The Western zone has a large population, including the bustling city of Lagos, which provides a ready market for industries. The region serves as a major commercial hub, attracting businesses from various sectors.
4. Availability of Skilled Labor: The Western zone is home to several educational institutions, including universities and technical colleges. This abundance of institutions ensures a steady supply of skilled labor for industries in the region.
5. Government Support: The government has implemented policies and incentives to encourage industrial growth in the Western zone. These include tax incentives, subsidies, and initiatives such as the Lagos Free Trade Zone, which attracts both local and foreign investors.
In summary, the Western zone of Nigeria, specifically the Lagos-Ibadan industrial axis, has the highest concentration of industries due to its proximity to ports, well-developed infrastructure, access to market, availability of skilled labor, and government support. This region continues to attract businesses, driving economic growth and development in Nigeria.
Ibeere 33 Ìròyìn
Under the Greek system of climate classification, the world is divided into
Awọn alaye Idahun
The world is divided into torrid, temperate, and frigid zones under the Greek system of climate classification.
1. Torrid Zone: This zone is the closest to the equator and is known for its hot and humid climate. It experiences high temperatures throughout the year with minimal variations. The torrid zone is characterized by tropical rainforests, savannas, and deserts.
2. Temperate Zone: The temperate zone is situated between the torrid and frigid zones. It has a moderate climate with distinct seasons. The temperatures in this zone vary significantly throughout the year, with warm summers and cool winters. This zone is known for its diverse vegetation, including deciduous forests and grasslands.
3. Frigid Zone: The frigid zone is located in the extreme north and south of the Earth, near the poles. It is known for its extremely cold temperatures, especially during the winter season. The frigid zone is covered with ice, and only a few plants and animals can survive in this harsh environment.
In summary, the Greek system of climate classification divides the world into torrid, temperate, and frigid zones, depending on factors such as temperature, humidity, and vegetation.
Ibeere 34 Ìròyìn
The main reason for which most manufacturing industries in West Africa are concentrated in cities and towns along the coast is that they have
Awọn alaye Idahun
This is due to the fact that there is a large number of warehouses in these regions. These warehouses are storage facilities where the goods are kept prior or after shipping.
Ibeere 35 Ìròyìn
One of the features of wind deposition is
Awọn alaye Idahun
Inselberg is formed from the existence of extensive old plateau. It is caused as a result of weathering and remval of weathered materials
Ibeere 36 Ìròyìn
The most common form of migration experienced in countries of Tropical Africa is
Awọn alaye Idahun
The most common form of migration experienced in countries of Tropical Africa is **rural-urban migration**. This refers to the movement of people from rural areas, such as villages and small towns, to urban areas, such as cities and towns.
There are various reasons why rural-urban migration is prevalent in Tropical Africa. One of the main factors is the search for better economic opportunities. Urban areas tend to offer more job opportunities, higher wages, and better living conditions compared to rural areas. Many people from rural communities migrate to cities in hopes of finding better employment and improving their standard of living.
Another important factor contributing to rural-urban migration is the availability of social amenities and services in urban areas. Cities often have better access to education, healthcare, infrastructure, and recreational facilities. People may migrate to urban centers to access these services and provide better opportunities for their families.
Moreover, urban areas serve as economic and cultural hubs, attracting people from rural areas seeking to benefit from the diversity and dynamism of city life. Cities offer a wide range of social and cultural activities, entertainment options, and opportunities for networking and socializing.
However, it is important to note that rural-urban migration also presents some challenges. The rapid influx of people into cities can lead to overcrowding, strain on infrastructure, and increased competition for resources and jobs. Additionally, migration can have an impact on rural communities as they may experience a loss of human capital and skills.
In summary, rural-urban migration is the most common form of migration in countries of Tropical Africa due to the search for better economic opportunities, access to social amenities, and the attraction of urban culture and lifestyle. While it brings benefits to individuals and urban areas, it also poses challenges that need to be addressed for sustainable development.
Ibeere 37 Ìròyìn
The major crop grown in the El juf Basin of Mali is
Awọn alaye Idahun
The major crop grown in the El Juf Basin of Mali is cotton. Cotton is a plant that is mainly grown for its fiber, which is used to make fabrics and textiles. The El Juf Basin in Mali has favorable conditions for growing cotton, such as a warm climate and fertile soil.
Cotton plants require a long growing season with plenty of sunshine and a moderate amount of rainfall. The El Juf Basin receives sufficient rainfall and has an irrigation system in place to ensure that the cotton plants are well-watered.
Cotton cultivation in the El Juf Basin provides a significant source of income for the local farmers and contributes to the economy of Mali. Cotton farms in this region employ many people and support the livelihoods of the local communities.
In summary, the major crop grown in the El Juf Basin of Mali is cotton due to its suitability to the region's climate and soil conditions.
Cotton plants require a long growing season with plenty of sunshine and a moderate amount of rainfall. The El Juf Basin receives sufficient rainfall and has an irrigation system in place to ensure that the cotton plants are well-watered.
Cotton cultivation in the El Juf Basin provides a significant source of income for the local farmers and contributes to the economy of Mali. Cotton farms in this region employ many people and support the livelihoods of the local communities.
In summary, the major crop grown in the El Juf Basin of Mali is cotton due to its suitability to the region's climate and soil conditions.
Ibeere 38 Ìròyìn
"An open forest with evergreen, thick leathery leaves and woody stems with deep roots" is known as
Awọn alaye Idahun
Mediterranean vegetation consists largely of broad-leaved evergreen shrubs having woody stems with thick roots.
Ibeere 39 Ìròyìn
The world's greatest gold producer is
Awọn alaye Idahun
After a temporary set back in 2021 due to a sharp decline in output, Ghana has reclaimed its position as the top Gold producer
Ibeere 40 Ìròyìn
When weathering occurs on hill slopes, rock debris usually pile up at the bottom of the hill slope to form
Awọn alaye Idahun
When weathering occurs on hill slopes, the rock debris usually pile up at the bottom of the hill slope to form **scrree**.
Scree is a deposition of loose rock fragments that have accumulated at the base of a steep slope or cliff. It is formed as a result of the continuous process of weathering, erosion, and gravity.
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks by natural processes, such as wind, water, and temperature changes. This causes rocks to become smaller and more fragmented over time.
Erosion is the process of transporting the fragmented rock material down the slope. Gravity plays a significant role in moving the loose rock fragments towards the bottom of the hill slope.
As the weathered rock fragments accumulate at the base of the slope, they form a pile of loose debris called scree. Scree can range in size from small pebbles to larger rocks. It is usually found on steep slopes or cliffs where the force of gravity pulls the loose rock down and accumulates it at the bottom.
In conclusion, when weathering occurs on hill slopes, the rock debris piles up at the bottom to form scree.
