JAMB UTME - Chemistry - 2000 | Green Bridge CBT

Ibeere 1 Ìròyìn

0.46g of ethanol when burned raised the temperature of 50g of water by 14.3K. Calculate the heat of combustion of ethanol.

[C = 12, O = 16, H = 1, Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 jg-1K-1]

+3000 KJ mol-1

+300 KJ mol-1

-300 KJ mol-1 Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

-3000 KJ mol-1

Awọn alaye Idahun

Heat, = -M C Q
= -50 * 4.2 * 14.3
= -300 KJ mol-1

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 2 Ìròyìn

Use the option above to answer this question. The graph that describes a zero order reaction is

B Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemical Kinetics And Equilibrium System (Nigeria Only) (WAEC)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Chemical Kinetics And Equilibrium System (Nigeria Only)

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 3 Ìròyìn

Which of the following compounds is composed of Al, Si, O and H?

Epson salt

Limestone

Clay Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

Urea

Awọn alaye Idahun

The compound composed of Al, Si, O and H is clay. Clay is a mineral that is primarily composed of hydrous aluminum silicates and various impurities such as magnesium, calcium, potassium, or iron. The chemical formula of clay is typically expressed as Al₂O₃•2SiO₂•2H₂O, indicating the presence of aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and water in its composition. Therefore, the correct option is "Clay".

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemical Combination (JAMB)

Chemical Combination

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 4 Ìròyìn

Potassium vapour burns with a

blue flame

brick-red flame

violet flame Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

golden-yellow flame

Awọn alaye Idahun

Potassium vapour burns with a violet flame.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Oxidation And Reduction (JAMB)

Oxidation And Reduction

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 5 Ìròyìn

For a reaction in equilibrium, the species involved in the equilibrium constant expression are

gaseous and solid species

liquid and solid species

solid and dissolved species

gaseous and dissolved species Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

Awọn alaye Idahun

The equilibrium constant expression is used to calculate the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction. The species involved in the expression are those that are in a state of equilibrium, which means they are in constant flux between reactants and products. In order to calculate the equilibrium constant, we need to know the concentrations of the reactants and products in the equilibrium state. Therefore, the species involved in the equilibrium constant expression depend on the state of the reactants and products. Among the options given, the correct answer is the last one: gaseous and dissolved species. This is because when a reaction involves gaseous and dissolved species, their concentrations can change during the reaction, and therefore they need to be included in the equilibrium constant expression. Solid and liquid species, on the other hand, have a fixed concentration during the reaction, and so they are not included in the equilibrium constant expression.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemical Kinetics And Equilibrium Systems (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemical Equilibria (JAMB)

Chemical Kinetics And Equilibrium Systems (Ghana Only)

Chemical Equilibria

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 6 Ìròyìn

MnO4(aq) + 8H+(aq) + Y → Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)

Y in the equation above represents

2e-

3e-

5e- Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

7e-

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 7 Ìròyìn

The substance often use for vulcanization of rubber is

chlorine

hydrogen peroxide

sulphur Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

tetraoxosulphate (IV) acid

Awọn alaye Idahun

Vulcanization is a chemical process that is used to make rubber stronger and more durable. During vulcanization, the rubber is treated with a chemical agent that causes it to cross-link and form a stronger network. This process can improve the strength, durability, and elasticity of the rubber. The options given are all chemicals, but only one option is commonly used as the substance for vulcanization of rubber. The substance that is often used for vulcanization of rubber is sulfur. When sulfur is added to raw rubber and the mixture is heated, the sulfur molecules cross-link with the rubber molecules, creating a stronger and more durable material. This process is known as vulcanization and it has revolutionized the rubber industry, allowing for the creation of many new and useful rubber products.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Acids, Bases And Salts (JAMB)

Acids, Bases And Salts

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 8 Ìròyìn

The compound above is an

ether

ester Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

alkanal

alkanol

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only)

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 9 Ìròyìn

Sieving is a technique used to separate mixtures containing solid particles of

small sizes

large sizes

different sizes Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

the same size

Awọn alaye Idahun

Sieving is a method that is commonly used to separate mixtures that contain solid particles of different sizes. The mixture is poured through a sieve, which is a device with a mesh or a net. The smaller particles that can pass through the mesh or net will fall through, while the larger particles will be left on top. Therefore, sieving is used to separate solid particles that are of different sizes.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Separation Of Mixtures And Purification Of Chemical Substances (JAMB)

Separation Of Mixtures And Purification Of Chemical Substances

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 10 Ìròyìn

The fundamental difference between the three states of matter is the

shape of their particles

number of particles in each state Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

shape of the container they occupy

degree movement of their particles

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa States Of Matter (WAEC)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

States Of Matter

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 11 Ìròyìn

Which of the following statements is correct about the periodic table?

elements in the same period have the same number of valence electrons Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

the valence electrons of the elements in the same period increase progressively 'across the period

elements in the same group have the same number of electron shell

the non-metallic properties of the elements tend to decrease across each period

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only)

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 12 Ìròyìn

Given that M is the mass of substance deposited in an electrolysis and Q the quantity of electricity consumed, then Faraday's law can be written as

M = Z/Q

M = Q/Z

M = Z/2Q

M = QZ Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

Awọn alaye Idahun

Faraday's law states that the amount of substance deposited in an electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity consumed (Q). Mathematically, this can be expressed as M = ZQ, where M is the mass of substance deposited and Z is the electrochemical equivalent, a constant that depends on the substance being electrolyzed. Therefore, the correct option is "M = ZQ".

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Electrolysis (JAMB)

Electrolysis

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 13 Ìròyìn

N2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2NO(g); ΔH = + 180.6 kJ mol-1

In the reaction above, increase in temperature will

increase the quantity of N2

increase in the yield of NO Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

decrease the yield of NO

decrease the quantity of O2

Awọn alaye Idahun

In the given chemical reaction, the enthalpy change is positive (+180.6 kJ/mol) indicating that the reaction is endothermic, meaning it absorbs heat from the surroundings. According to Le Chatelier's principle, an increase in temperature will favor an endothermic reaction. Therefore, an increase in temperature will increase the yield of NO, which is the product of the reaction. Hence, the correct answer is: "increase in the yield of NO."

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 14 Ìròyìn

A side effect of soft water is that

it gives offensive taste

excess calcium is precipitated

it attacks lead contained in pipes Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

it encourage the growth of bacteria

Awọn alaye Idahun

Soft water is water that has a low concentration of dissolved minerals such as calcium and magnesium. A side effect of soft water is that it may attack lead contained in pipes, causing it to dissolve into the water. Lead in drinking water can be harmful to human health, especially in young children and pregnant women. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the quality of the water you consume and take necessary precautions if the water is too soft or has any other potential contaminants.

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 15 Ìròyìn

The air pollutant unknown in nature is

HCHO Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

DDT

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Environmental Pollution (JAMB)

Environmental Pollution

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 16 Ìròyìn

The chlorinated alkane often used industrially to remove grease is

tetrachloromethane Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

chloromethane

trichloromethane

dichlorometane

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Organic Compounds (JAMB)

Organic Compounds

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 17 Ìròyìn

Alkanones are generally obtained by the oxidation of

primary alkanols

secondary alkanols Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

tertiary alkanols

alkanoic acid

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemistry Of Carbon Compounds (Nigeria Only) (WAEC)

Chemistry Of Carbon Compounds (Nigeria Only)

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 18 Ìròyìn

Synthesis gas is a mixture of

CH4 and H2O

CH4 and H2

CO2 and H2

CO and H2 Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

Awọn alaye Idahun

Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2). Therefore, the correct option is "CO and H2".

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 19 Ìròyìn

The repeating unit in natural rubber is

alkyne

isoprene Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

n-propene

peoprene

Awọn alaye Idahun

The repeating unit in natural rubber is isoprene. Natural rubber is a polymer made up of repeating units of the monomer isoprene. Isoprene has a molecular formula of C5H8 and a structure that contains a double bond, which allows it to form long chains through a process called polymerization. These chains then link together to form the rubbery material that we know as natural rubber.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemistry Of Carbon Compounds (Nigeria Only) (WAEC)

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Organic Compounds (JAMB)

Chemistry Of Carbon Compounds (Nigeria Only)

Organic Compounds

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 20 Ìròyìn

Unsaturated organic compounds are identified by decolourization of

silver bromine and potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solutions

bromine water and acidified potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

silver bromide solution and bromine water

bromine water and alkaline potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution

Awọn alaye Idahun

The decolourization of bromine water and acidified potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution is used to identify unsaturated organic compounds. When bromine water is added to an unsaturated organic compound, the brown color of bromine is decolorized due to the addition of bromine across the C=C double bond in the unsaturated compound. Similarly, when acidified potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution is added to an unsaturated organic compound, the purple color of the solution is also decolorized due to the addition of the potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) across the C=C double bond in the unsaturated compound. The decolorization of both these solutions is due to the reaction with unsaturated organic compounds, which is a characteristic test used to identify them. Therefore, the correct option is "bromine water and acidified potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution".

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Acids, Bases And Salts (JAMB)

Acids, Bases And Salts

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 21 Ìròyìn

The knowledge of half-life can be used to

create an element

detect an element Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

spilt an element

irradiate an element

Awọn alaye Idahun

The knowledge of half-life can be used to detect an element. Half-life is the time taken for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. Since each radioactive element has a unique half-life, scientists can use the knowledge of half-life to determine which elements are present in a sample. By measuring the amount of radioactivity in a sample over time, they can determine the half-life of the element and identify it. Therefore, option "detect an element" is correct.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemical Kinetics And Equilibrium Systems (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemical Industry And Environment (WAEC)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Chemical Kinetics And Equilibrium Systems (Ghana Only)

Chemical Industry And Environment

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 22 Ìròyìn

In which order are the following salts sensitive to light?

Agl > AgCl > AgBr

AgCl > Agl > AgBr

AgBr > AgCl > Agl

AgCl > AgBr > Agl Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

Awọn alaye Idahun

The sensitivity of salts to light depends on the stability of their respective silver halide compounds. The stability of these compounds is determined by the size of the halide ion. The larger the halide ion, the less stable the corresponding silver halide compound is. In the given options, the salts are arranged in the order of increasing size of halide ions. Thus, the stability of the corresponding silver halide compounds decreases in the same order. The most stable compound is the one with the smallest halide ion, and the least stable is the one with the largest halide ion. Therefore, the correct order of sensitivity to light for the given salts is: AgCl > AgBr > AgI This is because AgI has the largest halide ion, making its corresponding silver halide compound the least stable and most sensitive to light. On the other hand, AgCl has the smallest halide ion, making its corresponding silver halide compound the most stable and least sensitive to light.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Acids, Bases And Salts (JAMB)

Acids, Bases And Salts

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 23 Ìròyìn

(1/2)Zn2+(aq) + e- → (1/2) Zn(s)

In the reaction above, calculate the quantity of electricity required to discharge zinc.

[F = 96 500 C mol-1]

0.965 * 104C

4.820 * 104C

9.650 * 104C Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

48.200 * 104C

Awọn alaye Idahun

The quantity of electricity required to discharge zinc can be calculated using Faraday's law, which states that one mole of electrons carries a charge of 96,500 Coulombs. The given chemical equation shows that the reduction of 1 mole of Zn2+ requires the gain of 2 electrons (1/2 Zn2+ + e- → 1/2 Zn). Therefore, to discharge 1 mole of Zn2+, 2 moles of electrons are needed. Using Faraday's law, we can calculate the quantity of electricity required to discharge 1 mole of Zn2+: 1 mole of Zn2+ requires 2 * 96,500 C = 193,000 C Therefore, to calculate the quantity of electricity required to discharge zinc from the given half-reaction, we need to divide 193,000 C by 2 (since the reaction involves half-moles of Zn2+): Quantity of electricity required = 193,000 C / 2 = 96,500 C Comparing this value with the options given, we can see that the correct answer is: 9.650 * 104 C This matches the value of Faraday's constant, which was given in the question.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Electrolysis (JAMB)

Electrolysis

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 24 Ìròyìn

50cm of carbon (II) oxide exploded with 150cm\(^{3}\) of air containing 20% oxygen by volume. Which of the reactants was in excess?

carbon (II) oxide

carbon (IV) oxide

oxygen Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

nitrogen

Awọn alaye Idahun

2CO + O

_{2}

\to

2CO

_{2}

50cm

^{3}

\to

25cm

^{3}

20%

\times

150cm

^{3}

30cm

^{3}

is the volume of oxygen available for the reactions.
But only 25cm

^{3}

is required, therefore O

_{2}

is in excess.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 25 Ìròyìn

The least easily oxidized of the metals below is

Al Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Metals And Their Compounds (JAMB)

Metals And Their Compounds

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 26 Ìròyìn

The shapes of CO\( _2 \), H\( _2 \)O and CH\( _4 \) respectively are

bent, linear and tetrahedral

bent, tetrahedral and linear

linear, bent and tetrahedral Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

tetrahedral, linear and bent

Awọn alaye Idahun

The shape of a molecule is determined by the arrangement of its atoms in space. The arrangement of atoms is influenced by the number of bonded electron pairs and the number of non-bonded electron pairs around the central atom. Based on this information, the shapes of the molecules are: - CO2: linear - H2O: bent - CH4: tetrahedral Therefore, the correct answer is bent, tetrahedral, and linear, respectively.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemistry Of Carbon Compounds (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Chemistry Of Carbon Compounds (Ghana Only)

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 27 Ìròyìn

The electron configuration of 22X 2+ ion is

1s2 2s22p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2

1s2 2s22p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1

1s2 2s22p6 3s2 3p6

1s2 2s22p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Atomic Structure And Bonding (JAMB)

Atomic Structure And Bonding

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 28 Ìròyìn

Hydration of ions in solution is associated with

absorption of heat

reduction of heat

conduction of heat

liberation of heat Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 29 Ìròyìn

1.0 dm3 of distilled water was used to wash 2.0g of a precipitate of AgCl. If the solubility product of AgCl is 2.0 * 10-10mol2dm-6, what quantity of silver was lost in the process?

2.029 * 10-3mol dm-3

1.414 * 10-3mol dm-3

2.029 * 10-5mol dm-3

1.414 * 10-5mol dm-3 Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

Awọn alaye Idahun

When solid AgCl is mixed with water, it partially dissolves and reaches equilibrium according to the following equation: AgCl(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) The solubility product (Ksp) expression for this equilibrium is: Ksp = [Ag⁺][Cl⁻] Given that the solubility product (Ksp) of AgCl is 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol² dm⁻⁶, we can use this value and the initial volume of water (1.0 dm³) to calculate the maximum amount of Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ that can dissolve before reaching equilibrium. Let x be the molar solubility of AgCl, which is also equal to the concentration of Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ ions that dissolve. Then, at equilibrium: [Ag⁺] = [Cl⁻] = x Substituting these into the Ksp expression, we have: Ksp = x² Solving for x, we get: x = √Ksp = √(2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol² dm⁻⁶) = 1.414 × 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³ This means that at equilibrium, the concentration of Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ ions in the solution is 1.414 × 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³. Now, we can use the volume of water and the concentration of Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ ions to calculate the total amount of AgCl that can dissolve: (1.0 dm³) × (1.414 × 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³) = 1.414 × 10⁻⁵ mol AgCl This is the maximum amount of AgCl that can dissolve in 1.0 dm³ of water. However, in the given problem, only 2.0 g of AgCl is used, which is equivalent to: (2.0 g) / (143.32 g/mol) = 0.01395 mol AgCl Since this amount is larger than the maximum amount that can dissolve in 1.0 dm³ of water, all of the AgCl will dissolve and none will be lost in the process. Therefore, the answer is option (D) 1.414 × 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 30 Ìròyìn

The partial pressure of oxygen in a sample of air is 452mmHg and the total pressure is 780mmHg. What is the mole fraction of oxygen?

0.203

0.579 Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

2.060

5.790

Awọn alaye Idahun

The mole fraction of oxygen can be calculated using the formula: Mole fraction of oxygen = Partial pressure of oxygen / Total pressure Plugging in the given values, we get: Mole fraction of oxygen = 452mmHg / 780mmHg Simplifying this fraction gives us: Mole fraction of oxygen = 0.579 Therefore, the correct option is: 0.579 This means that about 57.9% of the total pressure of the air sample is due to oxygen molecules.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 31 Ìròyìn

HCL(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

In the reaction above, Cl-(aq) is the

conjugate acid

acid

conjugate base Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

base

Awọn alaye Idahun

In the given reaction, HCl donates a proton (H+) to H2O to form H3O+ and Cl-. The species that accepts the proton is the base, which in this case is water (H2O). The species that donates the proton is the acid, which in this case is HCl. The conjugate base is the remaining species after the acid has donated the proton, which is Cl- in this reaction. Therefore, the correct answer is "conjugate base".

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Acids, Bases And Salts (Ghana Only)

Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only)

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 32 Ìròyìn

The pOH of a solution of 0.25 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric acid is

12.40

13.40 Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

14.40

14.60

Awọn alaye Idahun

pOH = -log [2.5 * 10-1]
= -log[-0.3979 + 1]
= 13.40

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 33 Ìròyìn

How many moles of HCl will be required to react with potassium heptaoxodichromate (VI) to produce 3 moles of chlorine?

14 Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

Awọn alaye Idahun

_{2}

_{2}

_{7}

+ 14HCl

\to

2CrO

_{13}

+ 2KCl + 3C

_{2}

+ 7H

_{2}

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemical Kinetics And Equilibrium Systems (Ghana Only) (WAEC)

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Stoichiometry And Chemical Reactions (WAEC)

Chemical Kinetics And Equilibrium Systems (Ghana Only)

Stoichiometry And Chemical Reactions

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 34 Ìròyìn

Which of the following types of bonding does not involve the formation of new substances?

Metallic Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

covalent

co-ordinate

electrovalent

Awọn alaye Idahun

Of the types of bonding listed, metallic, covalent, co-ordinate, and electrovalent, metallic bonding is the type of bonding that does not involve the formation of new substances. Metallic bonding occurs between metal atoms, where the outer electrons of each metal atom are delocalized and can move freely throughout the entire metallic crystal. These delocalized electrons are responsible for the characteristic properties of metals, such as high electrical conductivity and luster. However, metallic bonding does not involve the formation of new substances, as the metal atoms are simply held together in a lattice structure by the electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the negatively charged delocalized electrons. In contrast, covalent, co-ordinate, and electrovalent bonding all involve the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms to form new chemical substances.

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 35 Ìròyìn

The reaction of carbide with water gives

ethyne Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

ethene

ethane

ethanal

Awọn alaye Idahun

The reaction of carbide (calcium carbide) with water gives ethyne (also known as acetylene). This reaction is an example of an acid-base reaction, where the carbide acts as a base and water acts as an acid. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: CaC2 + 2H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 The ethyne gas produced in this reaction is widely used as a fuel for welding and cutting metals, as well as for other industrial applications.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Acids, Bases And Salts (JAMB)

Acids, Bases And Salts

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 36 Ìròyìn

Powdered marble reacts faster with hydrochloric acid solution than the granular form because the powdered form has

more molecules

more atoms

larger surface area Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

relatively large mass

Awọn alaye Idahun

The correct answer is that powdered marble has a larger surface area. This is because the powdered form has smaller particle sizes and, therefore, a greater surface area per unit mass. This greater surface area allows for a greater number of collisions between the particles of marble and the hydrochloric acid solution, leading to a faster reaction.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemical Combination (JAMB)

Chemical Combination

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 37 Ìròyìn

The conditions necessary for the extraction of a water molecule from two molecules of ethanol are

less acid and lower temperature

excess acid and a lower temperature

excess acid and a higher temperature Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

less acid and a higher temperature

Awọn alaye Idahun

The conditions necessary for the extraction of a water molecule from two molecules of ethanol are excess acid and a higher temperature. This process is known as dehydration, where water is removed from a molecule or compound. In the case of ethanol, excess acid (usually concentrated sulfuric acid) acts as a catalyst to remove a water molecule (H2O) from two ethanol molecules (C2H5OH), leaving behind ethene (C2H4). The excess acid helps to facilitate the reaction by providing an acidic medium, while the higher temperature helps to break the bond between the two molecules and make the reaction more efficient. Less acid and lower temperature would not be as effective in extracting the water molecule, while excess acid and a lower temperature could slow down or inhibit the reaction altogether.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemistry, Industry And The Environment (WAEC)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Chemistry, Industry And The Environment

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 38 Ìròyìn

Water molecules can be liquids especially when they are bonded to

alkaline earth metals

alkali metals

transition metals Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

group VII elements

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Water (JAMB)

Water

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 39 Ìròyìn

The ratio of the initial to the final pressure of a given mass of gas is 1:1.5. Calculate the final volume of the gas if the initial volume was \(3000\text{cm}^3\) at the same temperature

120cm

^{3}

200cm

^{3}

Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

450cm

^{3}

750cm

^{3}

Awọn alaye Idahun

The problem involves using Boyle's law, which states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature. Mathematically, P1V1 = P2V2, where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, respectively, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume, respectively. Given the ratio of the initial to final pressure as 1:1.5, we can assume that the final pressure is 1.5 times the initial pressure. Therefore, P2 = 1.5 * P1. Using the formula P1V1 = P2V2 and substituting the known values, we get: P1 * 3000 = (1.5 * P1) * V2 Simplifying the equation, we get: V2 = (P1 * V1) / (1.5 * P1) = 2000cm3 Therefore, the final volume of the gas is 2000cm3. So the answer is 200cm3.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Solubility (JAMB)

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Solubility

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 40 Ìròyìn

The noble gas, argon, is used for

electrical arc welding Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

welding brass

underwater welding

steel-welding

Awọn alaye Idahun

Argon is commonly used in welding processes, especially in the form of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. In TIG welding, the arc is maintained between a tungsten electrode and the workpiece while a stream of argon gas is used to shield the weld area from atmospheric gases like nitrogen and oxygen. This prevents oxidation and other contamination of the weld, resulting in a higher-quality, cleaner weld. Therefore, the correct option is "electrical arc welding".

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Chemical Combination (JAMB)

Chemical Combination

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 41 Ìròyìn

Sucrose is made up of

glucose and glucose

glucose and fructose Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

fructose and fructose

galactose and glucose

Awọn alaye Idahun

Sucrose is a type of sugar that is commonly found in many foods. It is made up of two simple sugar molecules, which are bonded together through a glycosidic bond. The options given are all possible simple sugar molecules, but only one option represents the correct combination of sugar molecules that make up sucrose. Sucrose is made up of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. Glucose and fructose are both monosaccharides, which are simple sugar molecules that cannot be broken down into simpler sugars. When glucose and fructose are combined through a glycosidic bond, they form a disaccharide called sucrose. Sucrose is commonly found in many foods, including fruits, vegetables, and processed foods like candy and baked goods.

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 42 Ìròyìn

The diagram above is the solubility curve of a solute, X. Find the amount of X deposited when 500cm3 of a solution of X is cooled from 60oC to 20oC.

0.750 mole Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

0.950 mole

2.375 moles

4.750 moles

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Solubility (JAMB)

Solubility

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 43 Ìròyìn

Haematite is an ore of

zinc

lead

iron Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

copper

Awọn alaye Idahun

Haematite is an ore of iron. It is a mineral form of iron oxide, with a chemical formula of Fe2O3. Haematite is one of the most important sources of iron for manufacturing iron and steel products. When heated with coke (a form of coal), haematite releases oxygen and forms iron, which is then used to produce various steel and iron products.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Metals And Their Compounds (JAMB)

Metals And Their Compounds

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 44 Ìròyìn

A mixture of iodine and sulphur crystals can be separated by treatment with

water to filter off sulphur

carbon (IV) suiphide to filter off iodine Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

ethanoic acid to filter off sulphur

methanol to filter off iodine

Awọn alaye Idahun

A mixture of iodine and sulfur crystals can be separated by treatment with carbon (IV) sulfide to filter off iodine. This is because iodine dissolves in carbon (IV) sulfide, while sulfur does not. Therefore, adding carbon (IV) sulfide to the mixture will dissolve the iodine, allowing it to be separated from the sulfur by filtration. Water, ethanoic acid, and methanol would not be effective in separating iodine and sulfur because they do not have the same solvent properties as carbon (IV) sulfide towards iodine.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Separation Of Mixtures And Purification Of Chemical Substances (JAMB)

Separation Of Mixtures And Purification Of Chemical Substances

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 45 Ìròyìn

The distance between the nuclei of chlorine atoms in a chlorine molecule is 0.194nm. The atomic radius of chlorine atom is

0.097nm Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

0.914nm

0.388nm

2.388nm

Awọn alaye Idahun

The atomic radius of an atom is defined as half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms when they are bonded together. In this case, we know that the distance between the nuclei of chlorine atoms in a chlorine molecule is 0.194nm. Since this is the distance between the two nuclei, we can find the atomic radius of chlorine by dividing this distance by 2. 0.194nm ÷ 2 = 0.097nm Therefore, the atomic radius of a chlorine atom is 0.097nm. Answer: 0.097nm

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Atomic Structure And Bonding (JAMB)

Atomic Structure And Bonding

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 46 Ìròyìn

A common characteristics of copper and silver in their usage as coinage metals is that they

have high metallic lustre

are not easily oxidized Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

are easily oxidized

are not easil reduced

Awọn alaye Idahun

The correct option is: "are not easily oxidized." Copper and silver are commonly used as coinage metals because they are both relatively unreactive and do not easily corrode or oxidize. This makes them a good choice for coins, as they will not deteriorate or lose their value due to exposure to the air or other elements over time.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Metals And Their Compounds (JAMB)

Metals And Their Compounds

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 47 Ìròyìn

In which of the following is the oxidation number of sulphur equal to -2?

H2S Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

SO 2

SO 32-

Awọn alaye Idahun

The oxidation number of sulfur (S) is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all its bonds to atoms of different elements were completely ionic in nature. To determine the oxidation number of sulfur in each compound given, we need to follow some rules: - The oxidation number of an atom in its free (uncombined) state is zero. - The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is equal to its charge. - The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral molecule must be zero. - The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a polyatomic ion must equal the charge on the ion. Using these rules, we can find the oxidation number of sulfur in each compound: - In S8, sulfur is in its elemental form, and the oxidation number of each atom is zero. - In H2S, hydrogen (H) has an oxidation number of +1, and the sum of the oxidation numbers in the molecule is zero. Therefore, sulfur must have an oxidation number of -2 to balance out the charge. - In SO2, oxygen (O) has an oxidation number of -2, and the sum of the oxidation numbers in the molecule is zero. Therefore, sulfur must have an oxidation number of +4 to balance out the charge. - In SO32-, oxygen has an oxidation number of -2, and the sum of the oxidation numbers in the ion is -2. Therefore, sulfur must have an oxidation number of +4 to balance out the charge. Therefore, the compound in which the oxidation number of sulfur is equal to -2 is H2S.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Oxidation And Reduction (JAMB)

Oxidation And Reduction

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 48 Ìròyìn

A phenomenon where an element exist in different forms in the same physical state is known as

isomerism

amorphism

allotropy Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

isotopy

Awọn alaye Idahun

The phenomenon where an element exists in different forms in the same physical state is known as "allotropy." Allotropy is a property of some chemical elements where they exist in two or more different physical forms, which are called allotropes. These allotropes can have different properties, such as different colors, densities, and crystal structures, but they consist of the same type of atoms. Isomerism refers to the existence of compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Amorphism refers to the lack of long-range order in a material, while isotopy refers to the existence of different isotopes of an element with different numbers of neutrons.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Rates Of Chemical Reaction (JAMB)

Rates Of Chemical Reaction

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 49 Ìròyìn

The refreshing and characteristic taste of soda water and other soft drinks is as a result of the presence in them of

carbon (IV) oxide Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

carbon (II) oxide

soda

glucose

Awọn alaye Idahun

The refreshing and characteristic taste of soda water and other soft drinks is due to the presence of carbon dioxide gas, which is also known as carbon (IV) oxide. When carbon dioxide gas dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid, which gives the drinks their slightly acidic taste. The carbon dioxide gas also creates the fizz or bubbles in the drink, which adds to its refreshing quality. Therefore, carbon (IV) oxide, is the correct answer. Options 2, 3, and 4 are not responsible for the taste of soda water and soft drinks.

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Acids, Bases And Salts (Nigeria Only) (WAEC)

Acids, Bases And Salts (Nigeria Only)

Wo Idahun

Ibeere 50 Ìròyìn

A gas that is not associated with global warming is

CO2 Ìdáhùn tó tọ́

SO3

CH4

Awọn alaye Idahun

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws (JAMB)

Ka ìwé ẹ̀kọ́ nípa Environmental Pollution (JAMB)

Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

Environmental Pollution

Wo Idahun






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