JAMB UTME - Literature In English - 2010

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In Kunene's "A Heritage of Liberation," the poet persona requests that the weapon of warfare be handed to their "grandchildren." The poem is about the struggle for liberation, and the persona requests that the younger generation be equipped with the knowledge and tools to continue the fight for freedom. The reference to "grandchildren" suggests that the persona wants to ensure that the struggle continues beyond their own generation and that future generations are prepared to take up the mantle of resistance.

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The Ministry of Peace in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four is concerned with making wars. Its main job is to manage and direct the country's military forces and prepare for war with other nations. This is in keeping with the novel's theme of a totalitarian government that relies on perpetual war to maintain control over its citizens. The Ministry of Peace uses propaganda and censorship to manipulate public opinion and keep the population in a constant state of fear and anxiety, which helps to justify the government's actions and maintain its power.

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The physical, historical, or cultural background of a literary work is referred to as the setting. This includes the time period, location, and social environment in which the story takes place. The setting helps to establish the mood, tone, and atmosphere of the story and can influence the characters and events that occur within it. For example, a story set in a medieval castle will have a different feel and tone than one set in a modern city. The setting can also provide important context and symbolism for the story, such as a desert landscape representing a character's isolation or a bustling city symbolizing the chaos of modern life.

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The correct answer is "children are delighted while women move in and out". The poem describes a thunderstorm in an African village and portrays the reactions of the people to the storm. The children are depicted as being joyful and playful, enjoying the rain and the excitement of the storm. The women, on the other hand, are portrayed as being busy and practical, moving in and out to protect their homes and belongings from the storm. The poem does not mention women cooking their food or children playing in the rain without the women being present.

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The statement "O serpent heart, hid with a flowering face!" is from Act III, Scene 2 of William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. These words are spoken by Juliet, referring to her newly wedded husband Romeo after he has killed her cousin Tybalt. Juliet is expressing her inner turmoil, realizing that the man she loves and just married is capable of such violence and has caused her family great harm. The phrase "serpent heart" suggests that Romeo is deceitful and dangerous, while "flowering face" implies that he has a charming and attractive exterior that hides his true nature.

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Winston started his rebellion against the state in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four by keeping a private diary. He began to write down his thoughts and feelings that were not in line with the Party's beliefs and ideology, which were strictly enforced by the state. This act of secretly expressing his own opinions was a direct challenge to the Party's control over people's thoughts and actions. It was a small act of rebellion, but it was significant as it marked the beginning of Winston's defiance against the oppressive regime.

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The rhyme scheme of the stanza above is "abab". This means that the last words of every other line (first and third lines) rhyme with each other, while the last words of the remaining lines (second and fourth lines) also rhyme with each other, but not with the first and third lines. In this case, the rhyme scheme follows the pattern of "force" (line 1) with "crutch" (line 2), and "place" (line 3) with "much" (line 4).

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Launko's "End of War" is characterized by the predominant use of paradox. Paradox is a literary device that uses seemingly contradictory or absurd statements to reveal a deeper truth or meaning. In the poem, Launko employs paradox to describe the end of war as a time of both relief and mourning, of victory and defeat. For example, the lines "And now our victors are the vanquished/ And those who threw the bombs are now buried" present a paradoxical situation of the victors being vanquished and the bomb-throwers being buried. This use of paradox emphasizes the complex and often contradictory nature of war and its aftermath.

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The deadly sin referred to in this quote is the murder of Tybalt by Romeo. The speaker is calling it a deadly sin because taking someone's life is a grave offense and is punishable by death according to the law. However, the Prince has shown mercy and has not enforced the law, instead turning the punishment of death to banishment. The speaker, Friar Laurence, is expressing his gratitude for the Prince's kindness in sparing Romeo's life.

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Meka, the main character in Ferdinand Oyono's "The Old Man and the Medal," can best be described as an egocentric old man. He is obsessed with obtaining a medal from the French colonial government, and his actions throughout the story are primarily motivated by his desire for recognition and status. He is willing to deceive and betray others in order to achieve his goal, and he shows little concern for the well-being of those around him.

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The theme of the poem is the futility of life. The speaker questions why the sunbeams, with all their energy, bother to try to break the sleep of the earth and create life, only to have that life eventually return to the earth as nothing but clay. The imagery of the cold star and the hard clay emphasize the unyielding nature of existence, and the use of words like "fatuous" (meaning silly or pointless) further highlights the sense of futility.

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Romeo is banished to Mantua because he kills Tybalt in a street duel. After Tybalt kills Mercutio, Romeo's friend, Romeo avenges Mercutio's death by killing Tybalt. As a result, the Prince of Verona, who has previously warned that anyone who disturbs the peace will be punished by death, banishes Romeo from Verona to Mantua.

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Satirical writing employs irony and epigram to criticize or ridicule human behavior, social conventions, and political institutions. Irony is the use of words that convey a meaning opposite to their literal sense, while epigram is a brief, witty statement that often ends with a surprising twist. Satirical writing uses these techniques to expose the flaws, contradictions, and absurdities of the subject it targets, and to provoke reflection, amusement, or indignation in the reader. Synechdoche and onomatopoeia, on the other hand, are figures of speech that have different functions and are not specifically associated with satire. Synechdoche is a rhetorical device that uses a part of something to represent the whole or vice versa, while onomatopoeia refers to words that imitate the sounds they describe.

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According to Cope's Sonnet VII, poetry is basically therapeutic. This means that poetry is seen as a form of healing or treatment for emotional or psychological problems. In the sonnet, the speaker suggests that reading poetry can help people to overcome their personal struggles and find solace in the beauty of language and imagery. The poem emphasizes the restorative power of poetry and its ability to provide comfort and hope to those who are struggling.

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The constant companion of Nnaife's family in Buchi Emecheta's The Joy of Motherhood is poverty and hunger. This is evident throughout the novel as the family struggles to make ends meet and provide for their basic needs such as food, shelter, and clothing. Despite their hard work and sacrifices, they are never able to escape the cycle of poverty and are constantly plagued by hunger and want. This theme of poverty and its impact on the family is a central motif in the novel and serves as a commentary on the effects of colonialism and economic oppression on African societies.

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Comedy and tragedy have a climax, which is the turning point in the plot that leads to a resolution of the conflict. However, they differ in their portrayal of the protagonist. Tragedy features a tragic hero who has a fatal flaw that leads to their downfall, while comedy often has a protagonist who overcomes obstacles and achieves a happy ending. The term "stanza" refers to a unit of poetry and is not directly related to the distinction between comedy and tragedy.

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The subject matter of George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is totalitarian dictatorship. The novel portrays a dystopian society where the ruling party, led by the enigmatic figure of Big Brother, exercises total control over every aspect of citizens' lives. The novel depicts a future world where the government manipulates information, language, and history, and where individual thought and free will are suppressed through thought control and propaganda. It highlights the consequences of absolute power and the dangers of a society that places the state's interests above individual rights and freedoms.

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In T.S. Eliot's "Journey of the Magi," the magi are aided on their journey by camels. The camels are depicted as stubborn and difficult to control, but they are also strong and resilient enough to carry the magi through the harsh desert terrain. The camels represent the physical and mental endurance required to undertake a difficult journey in pursuit of a spiritual goal. The magi's reliance on the camels also underscores their humility and their recognition of the importance of the natural world in their journey.

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The Party seeks power for its own sake in Nineteen Eighty-Four. It aims to control every aspect of people's lives and to maintain absolute power over them. The Party's main goal is to ensure its own survival and domination, rather than to serve the people or the nation. The Party maintains its power through a combination of propaganda, surveillance, and force, and it will stop at nothing to maintain its grip on society. In short, the Party seeks power for the sake of power itself, not for any higher purpose.

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The rhyme scheme in the excerpt is ABAB, which means that the last word of the second and fourth lines of each stanza rhyme with each other. Specifically, the words "first" and "worst" in lines 1 and 3, and "warmer" and "former" in lines 2 and 4, respectively, rhyme with each other in the pattern ABAB.

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The narrative style in which the hero tells his own story directly is known as first-person point of view. In this narrative style, the story is told from the perspective of a character who refers to himself/herself as "I". This perspective allows the reader to experience the story through the character's thoughts, emotions, and perceptions. First-person narration creates a personal and intimate connection between the reader and the character, and can provide insight into the character's motivations and personality.

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The person being addressed above is a soldier. The mention of "court martial" suggests that the speaker is in a position of authority in the military, and the use of the term "dumb skull of a bone head" implies that the person being addressed has made a mistake that is serious enough to warrant a court martial.

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The account of an individual's experiences during a journey is known as a travelogue. A travelogue is a narrative or a piece of writing that describes the author's experiences, observations, and impressions while traveling to different places. It can include descriptions of people, cultures, landscapes, and events encountered during the journey. The purpose of a travelogue is to inform and entertain readers, and to share the author's perspective on the world.

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In a narrative poem, the poet attempts to tell a story. The main focus of a narrative poem is to narrate or tell a story through the use of poetic devices and language. The poem may have a plot, characters, setting, and other elements of storytelling, but the poet uses poetic techniques such as meter, rhyme, imagery, and figurative language to create a unique and artistic expression of the narrative. The goal is not to describe a place or summarize a story, but to create a poetic retelling of the narrative that captures the reader's imagination and emotions.

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The mood in the last two lines of the poem is lament. The speaker is questioning the purpose of the sun and its rays that have awakened the soldier from his eternal sleep. The use of the word "fatuous" implies that the speaker considers the sun's efforts to be foolish or pointless. The tone is one of sadness and regret, as the speaker mourns the loss of the soldier and wonders whether his sacrifice was worth it. Therefore, the overall mood of the last two lines is one of lament, expressing the poet's sorrow and questioning the futility of war.

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The poem "Give me the Minstrel's seat" is centered on the theme of companionship. The speaker in the poem expresses a longing for the company of a minstrel who can sing to him and transport him to a world of joy and comfort, away from his present worries and fears. The poem celebrates the power of music and the need for human connection and friendship in our lives. The speaker sees the minstrel as a symbol of hope, a companion who can provide him with the solace and comfort that he needs in difficult times.

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The spatial setting of the play is Verona. This refers to the location where the events of the play take place. Verona is a city in northern Italy and is the home of the Capulets and the Montagues, the two feuding families at the center of the play. The action mainly takes place within the city, including the streets, marketplaces, and the Capulet and Montague households.

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A plot structure that defies chronology can be described as episodic. This means that the events in the story are presented out of chronological order and may jump back and forth in time. An episodic plot structure can create a sense of mystery and suspense, as the reader or audience tries to piece together the events of the story. It can also be used to explore themes such as memory and perception.

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From the tone of the speech above, the speaker is clearly enraged. The use of derogatory language such as "dumb skull," "bone head," and the rhetorical question "You search inside toilet bowl?" shows that the speaker is extremely angry and is verbally attacking the person they are speaking to. The threat of a court martial also indicates that the situation is serious and the speaker is not willing to tolerate any mistakes or incompetence.

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In Ferdinand Oyono's novel, "The Old Man and the Medal," the colonialists treat the Africans with disdain. This means that the colonizers have a complete lack of respect and contempt for the Africans. The novel is set during the French colonial period in Cameroon, and the African characters are subjected to various forms of mistreatment and discrimination by the colonizers. Throughout the novel, we see instances of the colonizers treating the Africans with disdain, such as when they use physical violence and intimidation to control them. The Africans are also subjected to economic exploitation, forced labor, and other forms of oppression. The colonizers see themselves as superior to the Africans and view them as being primitive and uncivilized. In summary, the colonialists in the novel treat the Africans with disdain, which is a manifestation of their belief in their own superiority and their contempt for the African people.

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Pun is a literary device that involves playing on words, often by using words that sound similar but have different meanings, or by using a word with multiple meanings in a humorous or clever way. It is a type of wordplay that can add humor, wit, or cleverness to a piece of writing or speech. A pun can be used to create a double meaning, to create a humorous effect, or to make a point in a clever way. Overall, pun is a tool that writers can use to add depth and complexity to their work, while also entertaining and engaging their readers.

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A formal dignified speech or writing praising a person or a thing for past or present deeds is called a eulogy.