JAMB UTME - Use of English - 2004

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, "paid up," does not fit the sentence because it suggests that the experiment paid a debt or bill which is not what is intended in the sentence. "paid for," is also incorrect because it implies that the experiment was a purchase. "paid out," is also not correct because it suggests that money was distributed. The correct answer is "paid off," which means the experiment was successful or achieved the desired result after many attempts.

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In the given sentence, "utmost" means the highest or most important degree, therefore, the option nearest in meaning to "utmost" is "paramount" which means the most important or highest priority.

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The option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence "The government warns that drink-driving is punishable under the law" is "driving while drunk is an offence." The sentence is conveying a warning from the government that drink-driving is illegal and can result in punishment under the law. Drink-driving is the act of operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, which can impair a driver's ability to operate the vehicle safely. The phrase "punishable under the law" implies that there are legal consequences for drink-driving, which could include fines, imprisonment, or other penalties. Therefore, the option "driving while drunk is an offence" is the best explanation for the information conveyed in the sentence.

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The word "outlandish" refers to something that is unusual, bizarre or strange, and is often seen as eccentric or bizarre by others. In the given sentence, it is used to describe the type of dresses worn by beauty queens. Therefore, the opposite of "outlandish" would be something that is normal, ordinary, or familiar. Among the given options, the word "familiar" has the opposite meaning to "outlandish." So, the option that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word is "familiar."

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The option that best completes the sentence "Agbo says he is not afraid of _____?" is "anybody." The phrase "not afraid of anybody" means that Agbo is not scared of any person. This implies that he is brave and confident and is willing to face any challenge. On the other hand, the options "nothing," "nobody," and "no one" are not appropriate because they do not fit the context of the sentence. Saying "Agbo is not afraid of nothing" would be a double negative, which would mean that Agbo is actually afraid of something. Similarly, saying "Agbo is not afraid of nobody" or "Agbo is not afraid of no one" would be grammatically incorrect, as they both mean that Agbo is afraid of somebody. Therefore, the correct option to complete the sentence is "anybody."

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The vowel sound represented by the underlined letters in "beer" is "ee." Among the given options, the word "pier" has the same vowel sound as "beer." Both words have the same "ee" sound. Therefore, the option that has the same vowel sound as "beer" is "pier."

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The correct option is "harassment". This is because "harassment" means the act of repeatedly troubling, annoying or attacking someone. In the context of the sentence, the phrase "No teacher of honour" implies that a respectable teacher would not engage in any form of inappropriate behavior towards their students, including harassment. The other options are misspellings of "harassment" and are not correct.

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The sentence means that Adamu's father holds an important position in the ministry, and his role is essential to the success and functioning of the ministry.

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The best option to complete the sentence is "demonstrate." This is because the sentence is discussing the need to show an example or give a demonstration of a particular aspect of the subject being discussed. "Supply" and "declare" do not convey the idea of showing or demonstrating something, while "satisfy" is not appropriate in the context of the sentence.

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The word "ecstatic" in the given sentence refers to an extremely happy and overjoyed state. It indicates that the team received a very enthusiastic and excited welcome from the crowd. Therefore, the opposite of "ecstatic" would be something that is dull, unenthusiastic, or cold. Among the given options, the word "a cold" has the opposite meaning to "ecstatic." So, the option that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word is "a cold."

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The word "vindictive" refers to a desire for revenge or a tendency towards retaliation. An opposite meaning would therefore be a lack of desire for revenge or retaliation. Therefore, the best option opposite in meaning to "vindictive" would be "friendly," which suggests a positive and amicable disposition towards others.

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "common" is "prevalent". This means that the practice of being sensational in reporting is widespread or commonly done among some media practitioners.

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The word "potency" in the given sentence refers to the strength or power of the drug. It implies that the drug has strong effects and is capable of producing significant results. Therefore, the opposite of "potency" would be something that is weak, ineffective, or powerless. Among the given options, the word "inefficacy" has the opposite meaning to "potency." So, the option that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word is "inefficacy."

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The option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the underlined letters in "jugde" is "general". The letters "g" and "j" have a similar sound, which is a voiced velar stop consonant. The letter "g" in "general" also represents this sound, making it the correct answer. The other options have different consonant sounds.

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The option that best completes the sentence is "spinning / yarn." This means that the poor widow was seen spinning wool into yarn yesterday. To "spin" wool means to twist and draw out fibers to create yarn, which can be used to make clothing. "Yarn" refers to a long continuous length of fibers that have been spun together. Therefore, the phrase "spinning yarn" accurately describes the action of turning wool into yarn, which the widow was doing.

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The correct option to complete the sentence is "have been". This is because the subject "a number of stolen cars" is plural, so it requires a plural verb "have been". "Has been" is incorrect because it is singular and does not agree in number with the subject. "Has being" is also incorrect because "being" is not used after the auxiliary verb "has".

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The option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the underlined letter(s) in "Mischief" is "ritual." The consonant sound represented by the underlined letters "sch" in "mischief" is the "sh" sound. The "sh" sound is made by putting the tip of the tongue behind the lower front teeth and blowing air out between the tongue and the roof of the mouth. The word "ritual" has the same "sh" sound as "mischief" in the middle of the word. Therefore, "ritual" is the option that has the same consonant sound as the underlined letters in "mischief."

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "courteously" is "politely". This means that Ade showed good manners and respect to his teacher by allowing her to enter the door before him.

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The best option to complete the sentence is "tricky". "Tricky" means someone who is not straightforward or can't be trusted easily. In this sentence, people dislike Mariam because she is probably not honest or straightforward in her dealings with them, which makes them not trust her. "Trickful" is not a word in common usage, and "trickish" is a rarely used alternative for tricky. "A tricker" is not a correct form to use in this context.

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "Accountability" is "Responsibility". "Accountability" refers to being answerable for one's actions and decisions. It means taking responsibility for what one has done or failed to do. Similarly, "Responsibility" is the state of being accountable or answerable for something that is within one's power, control, or management. The other options do not convey the same meaning as "Accountability". "Respectability" refers to being respectable or having a good reputation. "Courage" means the ability to face danger, difficulty, or pain without being overcome by fear. "Diligence" refers to being careful and persistent in one's work or duties.

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The option that best completes the sentence is "morale". In this sentence, the minister is addressing the workers to boost something, and "morale" is the most appropriate word to fill the blank. Morale refers to the emotional or mental state of a person or group, particularly their level of confidence, enthusiasm, or optimism. The minister is likely trying to uplift the workers' spirits, increase their motivation, and improve their overall mood. Therefore, the word "morale" makes the most sense in this context. "Moral" refers to ethical principles or right and wrong behavior. "Morality" is the noun form of the same word. "Mural" refers to a painting or artwork that is applied directly to a wall or surface. By using the word "morale" to fill the blank, the sentence would read: "The minister addressed the workers to boost their morale."

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The sentence "The investigators stated clearly that they had reached a dead end in their scrutiny of suspects in the murder case" means that the investigators have thoroughly examined all the suspects in the murder case, but have not been able to find any conclusive evidence to solve the case. Therefore, they cannot proceed further with their investigation at the moment. This is best explained by the option "There was no further progress in the investigation of the murder suspects."

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The word "fateful" implies that the decision had significant consequences and impacted the company's future. Therefore, the option that best represents the meaning closest to "fateful" is "disastrous", meaning the decision had negative or disastrous consequences for the company.

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The sentence means that democracy is being practiced in many countries, but the word "ostensibly" implies that it may not be fully effective or genuine. Therefore, the best option that explains the information conveyed in the sentence is: "democracy is apparently practiced in many countries".

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The option that best completes the sentence is "due to". It means that Muhammad could not come to school because of his illness.

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The expression "angry tone and terrible aspect" refers to the wolf's "harsh voice and menacing posture." This means that the wolf was expressing anger with his voice and his overall physical appearance was intimidating and frightening. To have an "angry tone" means to speak in a way that shows anger or irritation. And "terrible aspect" refers to the wolf's appearance or overall demeanor which was menacing and frightening. Therefore, the wolf's "harsh voice and menacing posture" accurately describe the expression used to depict the wolf's behavior.

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The correct stress pattern for "expostulate" is exPOS-tu-late (option D). The stress falls on the third syllable from the end, which is "POS". In English, stress is an important part of pronunciation. It refers to the emphasis placed on certain syllables in a word, which can change the meaning or clarity of the word when pronounced incorrectly. In the case of "expostulate", placing the stress on the first syllable would result in "EX-po-stu-late", which is not the correct pronunciation. Likewise, placing the stress on the second syllable would result in "ex-poSTU-late", which is also incorrect. The third option, "EXpostulate", places the stress on the first syllable, which is incorrect as well. The correct stress pattern, as mentioned before, is "ex-POS-tu-late", with stress falling on the third syllable from the end.

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The correct option to complete the sentence is "has." "Each" is a singular pronoun, so it requires a singular verb to agree with it. "Has" is the correct third-person singular form of the verb "have." Therefore, the sentence should read: "Each of the houses has a new look."

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The correct option for the gap numbered 16 is "market". This is because the sentence talks about the mechanism which determines the prices paid by consumers to the producers, and also decides the share of profit that goes to each of the four factors of production. The term "market" is most appropriate as it refers to the system of exchange of goods and services between the producers and the consumers.

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In the context of the passage, the best option to complete the gap numbered 12 is "freedom." Capitalism is said to be based on the principle of free enterprise, and its proponents believe that its essential characteristic is economic freedom. This implies that individuals are free to produce whatever goods they desire and consumers are equally free to buy what they want. Therefore, "freedom" is the most appropriate option to complete the gap.

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The option opposite in meaning to "writhed in pain" is "remained still." When someone is "writhing in pain," they are twisting or contorting their body due to intense discomfort. Therefore, "remained still" would be the opposite because it means not moving or not showing any physical signs of distress.

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The word "insignia" refers to a badge or symbol that represents authority or membership in a particular group. In this context, the school's badge is a symbol that gives authority and recognition to the perfects in the school. Therefore, the option that best fits the meaning of the underlined word is "symbol".

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "lively" is "frisky". In this sentence, "lively" describes Obi's dog as energetic, active, and in good spirits, despite being old. "Frisky" also means energetic, active, and playful, making it the most suitable option to fill the blank. The other options do not accurately capture the meaning of "lively". "Attractive" means pleasing or appealing to the eye and has nothing to do with the dog's energy level. "Howling" and "barking" are specific sounds that dogs make and do not relate to the dog's overall demeanor. By using the word "frisky" instead of "lively", the sentence would read: "Obi's dog is old but still frisky."

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The option that best completes the gap is "their" because it is a possessive pronoun that shows ownership or possession by a plural subject. In this case, "their" shows that the responsibility to look after parents in old age belongs to multiple people. The other options either have incorrect spellings or incorrect punctuation.

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The underlined phrase "cultural heritage" refers to the traditions, customs, beliefs, and values that are passed down from one generation to another. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word(s) is "legacy," which refers to something that is inherited or handed down from the past.

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The expression "when excuse failed him" suggests that the wolf made up false accusations against the lamb to justify his desire to devour him. The phrase indicates that the wolf ran out of excuses to use against the lamb and had to resort to other means to fulfill his intention. Therefore, the correct answer is that the wolf only made up the charges leveled against the lamb.

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The word "place" in this context means to determine or assign a value or price. Therefore, the option that best completes the gap is "worth," as the producer determines the worth of their product before assigning a price to it.

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The speaker of the first sentence is expressing doubt about whether or not someone is coming home, and is seeking confirmation or denial of their doubt in the second sentence. The second sentence, therefore, needs to be a confirmation or denial of the doubt expressed in the first sentence. Among the given options, the word that provides a clear and simple confirmation of the doubt expressed is "no." This would mean that the person is not coming home, as the speaker had suspected. Therefore, the correct option is "no."

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The sentence suggests that the person being referred to has a group of supporters who come to his aid during difficult times. The word that best fits the gap in the sentence is "crisis", which refers to a time of intense difficulty or danger, often accompanied by a sense of urgency or uncertainty. The phrase "railed round" implies that the supporters are standing firmly behind the person in question, which would make the most sense in a time of crisis. "Criticism" means expressing disapproval of something or someone, "acrimony" refers to bitterness or ill-feeling, and "disillusionment" means a feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be. None of these options accurately complete the sentence in the way that "crisis" does.

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The word "vital" in the sentence means "crucial" or "essential." This implies that Nigeria plays a very important and necessary role in the political and economic development of Africa. Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to "vital" is "crucial."

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The opposite in meaning to the underlined phrase "get back at" is "forgive" (option D). The sentence suggests that the injured man wants to take revenge on his assailant, which implies a desire to retaliate or seek retribution. Therefore, the opposite of "get back at" would be a word or phrase that means to let go of any desire for revenge or punishment. The word "forgive" fits this description as it means to stop feeling angry or resentful towards someone who has done wrong, and to let go of any desire for revenge or punishment. The other options - "attack", "identify", and "visit" - do not have opposite meanings to the phrase "get back at" in the given context of the sentence.

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The most appropriate option to complete the sentence is "literal". This is because a literal translation involves translating word for word, without considering the context, tone, or intended meaning. In this case, the interpreter's translation was not accurate because he translated the pastor's statement literally, which resulted in a misunderstanding by the congregation.

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The word "vital" in the sentence means important or necessary. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to the word "vital" is "crucial." This means that Nigeria plays an important or necessary role in the political and economic development of Africa.

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The word "mottled" refers to something that has irregular spots or patches of different colors. Therefore, "spotted" is the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

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The option nearest in meaning to "Funnily enough" in the sentence "Funnily enough, the priest prayed for the robber who shot him" is "unexpectedly." "Funnily enough" is an idiomatic expression used to introduce a surprising or ironic fact or situation. In this context, it means that it is unexpected or unusual that the priest would pray for the person who shot him. Therefore, "unexpectedly" is the option that comes closest in meaning to "funnily enough" as it suggests something that is surprising, unanticipated, or not in line with what would typically be expected in the situation.

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The word with stress on the first syllable is "bachelor". In the English language, stress refers to the emphasis given to a certain syllable in a word. The stress can be on any syllable of a word, and it can change the meaning or pronunciation of the word. In the word "bachelor", the stress is on the first syllable "bach". This means that we emphasize the "bach" sound when we say the word. In contrast, the word "condemn" has the stress on the second syllable "dem", "afternoon" has the stress on the second syllable "ter", and "intact" has the stress on the second syllable "tact". By putting emphasis on the first syllable of "bachelor", it sounds like "BACH-uh-lor". This is important to know for pronunciation, so that you can speak and be understood clearly.

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The economic system of capitalism has a market mechanism where the producer and consumer are free to produce and buy goods respectively. The market mechanism also determines the prices and share of profits among the four factors of production. In the gap numbered 14, the best option to complete the sentence is "consumer" as it refers to the person who is equally free to buy whatever they want.

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The correct option is "commission". This is because "commission" is the correct spelling of the word that means "an instruction, command, or duty given to a person or group of people". In this sentence, the word "commission" refers to the authority or mandate that God gave to his prophets to preach salvation to people. The other options ("commision", "commition", and "comision") are all misspelled variations of the correct word.

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The phrase "with a heavy hand" means that someone is managing something strictly and with great authority, usually not allowing for any disobedience or weakness. The option that best conveys this meaning is "like a powerful dictator."

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The term "freelance" refers to a person who works independently and is not employed by a company or an organization. It implies that the person is self-employed and works for different clients on a project-by-project basis. Therefore, the opposite of "freelance" would be something that is dependent or employed by a company or an organization. Among the given options, the word "dependently" has the opposite meaning to "freelance." So, the option that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word is "dependently."

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The passage suggests that seeing a blue moon is a rare phenomenon. The author explains that a blue moon is caused by dust in our upper atmosphere, and that it is not a regular event. The phrase "if once in a lifetime" also implies that it is a rare occurrence.

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The option opposite in meaning to "casual" in the sentence "My father's presentation was rather casual" is "formal." When something is described as "casual," it means that it is relaxed, informal, or done without much preparation or attention to detail. On the other hand, when something is "formal," it is done with seriousness and in accordance with established rules or customs. Therefore, if the father's presentation was described as "rather casual," the opposite of that would be "rather formal," indicating that the presentation was serious, prepared with attention to detail, and followed established rules or customs.

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "substantiate" is "prove." This means that the prosecutor was able to provide enough evidence and facts to demonstrate that the charge was true and accurate. To "substantiate" something is to provide evidence or proof to support it. Therefore, the prosecutor was successful in proving the charge.

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The option that best completes the sentence is "have you". The sentence is a statement expressing that the person addressed might not have heard everything that has been said about a certain matter. The phrase "have you" is used to ask whether the person has heard everything or not. Therefore, "have you" is the most suitable option to complete the sentence.

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The word "turmoil" refers to a state of confusion, chaos, or disorder. In this sentence, it means that the town was experiencing a lot of confusion and disorder, which led to the cancellation of the dance. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to "turmoil" is "state of confusion."

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The statement that captures the family's approach to housework is "no job was reserved for anyone on the basis of gender". In this family, it was not assumed that certain tasks were only for girls or women, and certain tasks were only for boys or men. Rather, everyone did the work that needed to be done, regardless of gender. The father even did tasks that were traditionally considered women's work, such as cooking and cleaning. The family believed in working hard and doing what needed to be done, regardless of gender roles or expectations.

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The most appropriate option to complete the gap numbered 15 is "harmonize" (option B). The sentence talks about the market mechanism, which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other. The word "equates" implies that there is a balance or a match between the supplies and demands. Therefore, the best option to complete the gap would be a word that implies balance or matching. Out of the options given, "harmonize" is the best choice as it means to bring things into agreement or to make them work together in a coordinated way. This matches the idea of the market mechanism bringing producers and consumers together and balancing their needs. The other options - "neutralize", "settle", and "decide" - do not fit as well in the context of the sentence.

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The correct option is "whom". "Whom" is used as the object of a verb or preposition, whereas "who" is used as the subject. In this sentence, the preposition "to" requires an object, making "whom" the correct choice.

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The moral of the story is "if you have made up your mind to hang your dog, any rope will do for the purpose". This means that if someone is determined to harm or attack another person, they will find any excuse to do so, even if that excuse is not valid or true. In the story, the wolf was determined to eat the lamb, and he used various excuses and false accusations to justify his actions. This shows how people can sometimes be unjust and cruel when they are determined to achieve their goals.

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A suitable title for the passage is "The Unusual Family". The passage describes the author's family and their unique way of life, particularly the role of the father in doing housework typically considered women's work, and the family's approach to education and avoiding negative behaviors such as drinking and fighting. The focus on the family's dynamics and their differences from other families makes "The Unusual Family" an appropriate title for the passage.

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The sentence implies that the speaker will do something enjoyable, possibly a hobby or leisure activity, once they have finished their difficult assignment. Therefore, the word that fits best in the blank is "pastime," which refers to a leisure activity that one enjoys doing in their free time. The second blank requires a preposition that indicates that the speaker will have completed the difficult assignment. Among the given options, the word "through" fits best in this context, as it means to finish or complete a task. Therefore, the correct option is "pastime / through."

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The word "tractable" refers to people who are easily controlled or influenced. The opposite of this would be people who are difficult to control or influence. Therefore, the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word is "unruly".

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The father's role in the family was leading by example. He did everything his wife did, including the chores that were traditionally considered as women's work, and commanded his children by sheer force of his example. This was evident when the mother was away, and he could do all her jobs - cooking, cleaning, and looking after the children. In a community where housework was regarded as being beneath male dignity, the father stood out as an uncommon man who did not shy away from doing "women's work."

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The word "protagonists" refers to people who support and advocate for something. In the context of the passage, it refers to those who support and promote capitalism. Therefore, the correct option is A. "protagonists".

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The underlined word is "taciturnity" which means a tendency to say very little, to be uncommunicative or reserved. Among the options, the one nearest in meaning to "taciturnity" is "reticence". Reticence refers to being reserved, uncommunicative or hesitant in speech. "Obliviousness" means unaware or forgetful, "sensibility" refers to the ability to appreciate and respond to complex emotional or aesthetic influences, and "pervasiveness" refers to the quality of being present and apparent in every aspect of something. These options do not capture the meaning of "taciturnity".

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The word 'plucky' is used to describe someone who is brave and determined, especially in a difficult situation. Therefore, the option that is opposite in meaning is 'weak', which means lacking in strength, power, or firmness.

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The word "downturn" suggests a decline or reduction in the company's performance or fortunes. Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to "downturn" is "a decline".

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The opposite of the underlined word "deranged" would be "sane" as it means mentally sound or healthy. The word "deranged" means mad or insane.

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "boomeranged" is "backfired." When someone says that their plans have "boomeranged" on them, it means that their plans have had the opposite of the intended effect and have ended up causing them harm or difficulty. Therefore, "backfired," which means to have an unexpected and undesirable effect, is the option closest in meaning.

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The underlined phrase "ill at ease" means uncomfortable or uneasy. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase is "uncomfortable." This means that the presence of the captain makes the sailors feel uneasy or uncomfortable.

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The correct option to complete the sentence is "hands". This is because the sentence is referring to the act of shaking hands, which involves the use of both hands, one from each person. So, in this case, the chairman refused to shake hands with the secretary, indicating a possible conflict or disagreement between them.

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The opposite option in meaning to "unnerved" is "calmed." "Unnerved" means to make someone feel anxious, worried, or afraid, while "calmed" means to make someone feel relaxed and peaceful. Therefore, if the noise of the fans "unnerved" the star player, it means it made them feel uneasy or anxious. If the noise of the fans "calmed" the star player, it would mean that it had the opposite effect, making them feel relaxed and peaceful.

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "liberality" is "generosity". In this sentence, "liberality" refers to Ibro's tendency to be generous or giving, despite having a meager income. Therefore, the word "generosity" is the most suitable option, as it also conveys the idea of being generous or giving. "Frugality" means the opposite of liberality; it is the tendency to be thrifty or economical. "Prodigality" refers to excessive spending or wastefulness, which is not the case here. And "insensitivity" is unrelated to the sentence's meaning and does not fit the context. By using the word "generosity" instead of "liberality", the sentence would read: "Ibro shows enough generosity with his meager income."

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The option that best completes the gap(s) is "hasn't been." In this sentence, the phrase "goes to the stadium regularly" is in the present tense, indicating a habitual action. The missing phrase refers to an action that has not taken place for months. Since the verb "go" refers to a present action, the correct verb form is "hasn't been," indicating that Ali has not gone to the church for months up to the present time. The other options are not correct because they do not convey the idea of an action that has not taken place in the recent past. "Haven't been" is incorrect because it uses the wrong subject-verb agreement, as "Ali" is a singular subject. "Didn't go" implies that there was a specific instance in the past when Ali did not go to the church, rather than an ongoing lack of attendance. "Hadn't been" is incorrect because it refers to a past period of time, rather than the recent past. By using "hasn't been" instead of the blank, the sentence would read: "Ali goes to the stadium regularly, but he hasn't been to the church for months."

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "observant" is "perceptive." This is because someone who is observant pays close attention to things, notices details, and is able to understand or interpret situations accurately. Similarly, someone who is perceptive is able to understand and interpret things quickly and accurately, based on their observation or understanding of the situation.

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The option opposite in meaning to the underlined word "imperiled" is "saved." This means that the ship was not in danger and was protected from harm. To "imperil" something is to put it at risk or in danger. Therefore, if the ship was "saved," it means that it was protected from harm and not at risk.